Estrogens in the treatment of climacteric depression, premenstrual depression, postnatal depression and chronic fatigue syndrome
Barry G. Wren in Progress in the Management of the Menopause, 2020
Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) has been defined as distressing physical, behavioral and psychological symptoms not due to organic disease, which regularly recur during the same phase of each menstrual (ovarian) cycle and which disappear or significantly regress during the remainder of the cycle12. Typical psychological and behavioral problems include depression, anxiety, irritability and loss of concentration and confidence. Many premenstrual women will experience minor emotional changes. Severe PMS with symptoms of depression, irritability, anxiety, bloating, headaches, mastalgia and even violence can be debilitating factors in domestic life, although surprisingly these women can usually cope within the working environment. These severe symptoms occur in 3–5% of women13.
A Survey of Multidimensional and Interdisciplinary Approaches to Premenstrual Syndrome
Diana L. Taylor, Nancy F. Woods in Menstruation, Health, and Illness, 2019
Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is the cyclic occurrence of a physical and behavioral cluster of signs and symptoms, and its prevalence is being recognized in clinical settings (Hargrove & Abraham, 1982, 1983; Woods, Most, & Dery, 1982a). Over 150 symptoms have been associated with premenstrual syndrome. A variety of biochemical and psychosocial elements have been explored in the literature to identify the etiology and pathophysiology of PMS. Strategies that have been implemented to combat the signs and symptoms of PMS include support groups, nutrition therapy, exercise therapy, stress management, and an array of pharmacotherapeutic agents. Because of the elusive etiology, the complexity of the symptomatology, and the variety of treatment modalities being employed, a challenge exists to create services for PMS that are individualistic and multidimensional. A survey was conducted of a sample of 40 PMS centers that offer services to women who suffer from PMS, to identify the interdisciplinary professionals who provide service, the screening procedures used at the centers, the treatment modalities being employed, and the professionals to which these centers refer women suffering from PMS.
Treatment for Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder: Navigating the Transition Through Depression and Menstrual Cycles
Laura H. Choate in Depression in Girls and Women Across the Lifespan, 2019
As Raymond (2018) attests, PMDD is quite different from most women’s experiences of premenstrual symptoms. Up to 80–90% of women experience some type of discomfort during the luteal phase of their menstrual cycle but the symptoms cause no real disruption to their daily functioning. Symptoms can include physical issues such as breast tenderness, bloating, or headache; these may be experienced alongside psychological or behavioral symptoms such as irritability, depressed mood, anxiety, and social withdrawal. Approximately 20–30% of menstruating women experience symptoms that are classified as premenstrual syndrome (PMS), in which a woman experiences at least one affective and one somatic premenstrual symptom at a level of severity that interferes with her daily functioning (American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists [ACOG], 2001; Hofmeister & Bodden, 2016).
Purified and specific cytoplasmic pollen extract: a non-hormonal alternative for the treatment of menopausal symptoms
Published in Gynecological Endocrinology, 2020
Andrea Genazzani, Nick Panay, Tommaso Simoncini, Herman Depypere, Alfred Mueck, Christian Egarter, Nicoletta Biglia, Tomas Fait, Martin Birkhaeuser, Sven O. Skouby, Mark Brincat, Steven Goldstein, Xiangyan Ruan, Cuauhtémoc Celis-Gonzales, Santiago Palacios
Premenstrual syndrome often includes symptoms such as anxiety, irritability, depression, loss of confidence, mood swings, and fatigue. There are also physical symptoms, typically bloating, water retention, and breast pain. It is the timing, rather than the types of symptoms, and the degree of impact on daily activity that supports a diagnosis of PMS. The symptoms, which may severely affect quality of life, occur during the 2 weeks before menses, and some signs continue during menstruation before disappearing a few days afterwards [29]. These manifestations can occur in women from their late 20s to their early 40s and have a negative impact on their professional, social, and sexual lives. PMS is caused by changes in normal hormone levels that can induce disorders in the central neuroendocrine system. It is well established that serotonin plays a role in PMS, as some selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) have a beneficial impact on premenstrual disorders. A meta-analysis of all available randomized controlled trials involving SSRIs used in PMS confirmed these to be more efficacious than placebo [30–32].
Menstrual attitude and social cognitive stress influence autonomic nervous system in women with premenstrual syndrome
Published in Stress, 2022
Yao Meng, Lei Chang, Lulu Hou, Renlai Zhou
In women, the menstrual cycle is a periodic physiological change lasting for an average of 28 days. Almost 80% of women report having some symptoms during the week prior to menstruation (Lustyk & Gerrish, 2010). These symptoms interfere with normal life and therefore qualify as premenstrual syndrome (PMS) in 20–30% of women. PMS refers to a series of cyclical physical, emotional, and cognitive symptoms that regularly recur during the late luteal phase of the menstrual cycle (Ryu & Kim, 2015). The sex hormones secreted by the ovaries can adversely affect the function of the hypothalamus, thereby causing changes in related stress hormones (Girdler et al., 1998; Lustyk & Gerrish, 2010). Therefore, numerous researches explored the mechanism of PMS from the perspective of stress. Among them, the autonomic nervous system (ANS, including sympathetic and parasympathetic systems), one of the stress physiological responses (Kahle et al., 2016), had received special attention.
Premenstrual syndrome is associated with altered cortisol awakening response
Published in Stress, 2019
Lulu Hou, Yamei Huang, Renlai Zhou
After entering puberty, women’s endometrium is affected by ovarian hormones and periodic uterine bleeding occurs, which is called menstruation (Farage, Osborn, & MacLean, 2008). Almost 80% of women report having some symptoms during the one to two weeks prior to menstruation (Biggs & Demuth, 2011). These symptoms interfere with normal life and therefore qualify as premenstrual syndrome (PMS) in 20–30% of women. PMS refers to a group of symptoms linked to the menstrual cycle, which is characterized by a constellation of emotional, physical, and behavioral symptoms that appear at a few days before menstruation and remit with the onset of menses (Cunningham, Yonkers, Oʼbrien, & Eriksson, 2009). Considering PMS is so highly prevalent in premenopausal women (Klatzkin, Bunevicius, Forneris, & Girdler, 2014; Qiao et al., 2012), understanding its underlying mechanisms has gradually become a focus of many experimental research over the past decades (Campagne & Campagne, 2007).
Related Knowledge Centers
- Anxiety
- Bloating
- Menstrual Cycle
- Menstruation
- Headache
- Depression
- Signs & Symptoms
- Breast Pain
- Mood Swing
- Anger