Adnexal/Ovarian Torsion
Botros Rizk, A. Mostafa Borahay, Abdel Maguid Ramzy in Clinical Diagnosis and Management of Gynecologic Emergencies, 2020
The ovaries are ovoid nonfixed organs that are located within the broad ligament on either side (lateral) of the uterus. This position is maintained by the infundibulopelvic ligaments, also called suspensory ligaments (a fold of peritoneum extending from the mesovarium to the pelvic wall), of the ovary, which suspend the ovary superolateral to the lateral pelvic wall. A mesovarium is a fold of the peritoneum, continuous with the outer surface of the ovaries. The suspensory ligament of the ovary contains the ovarian artery, ovarian vein, ovarian nerve plexus, and lymphatic vessels. The other side (medial pole) of the ovary is supported and connected to the uterus by the utero-ovarian (UO) ligament, also known as the ovarian ligament or the proper ovarian ligament [1–3].
Pelvis and perineum
David Heylings, Stephen Carmichael, Samuel Leinster, Janak Saada, Bari M. Logan, Ralph T. Hutchings in McMinn’s Concise Human Anatomy, 2017
The ovary is located within the pelvic cavity. Which statement below most accurately describes the anatomy of the ovary?The ovary is located lateral to the body of the uterus, hanging on the anterior aspect of the broad ligament and connected to the uterus by the round ligament.The ovary lies on the posterior aspect of the broad ligament, suspended by the mesovarium but not covered by peritoneum, and is connected to the uterus by the ovarian ligament.The ovary receives its blood supply normally through the mesovarium as a branch of the uterine artery.The ovary is covered in peritoneum suspended on the posterior aspect of the broad ligament by the meso- varium through which the ovarian artery passes.The ovary is located on the anterior aspect of the broad ligament and
Reproductive System and Mammary Gland
Pritam S. Sahota, James A. Popp, Jerry F. Hardisty, Chirukandath Gopinath, Page R. Bouchard in Toxicologic Pathology, 2018
Cysts derived from embryonic remnants of the mesonephric tubules (rete ovarii) or mesonephric ducts are commonly observed in many species (Cline et al. 2008; Dixon et al. 2014; Long 2002; McEntee 1990b; Marr-Belvin et al. 2010; Wenzel and Odend’hal 1985). The origin of these structures may be difficult to determine based on morphology. According to some authors, cysts arising from the rete ovarii are lined by cuboidal to columnar and sometimes ciliated epithelium surrounded by fine fibrous connective tissue (Davis et al. 1999). These structures are often observed within the medulla/hilus but may extend into the adjacent mesovarium and fat. Cysts arising from the mesonephric ducts (often referred to as parovarian or paraovarian cysts) are similar in appearance, but confined to the mesovarium and surrounded by a thin layer of smooth muscle fibers. Cysts may vary in size from microscopic dilation with little functional consequence to large macroscopically evident structures that distort or even obliterate normal ovarian architecture. Cysts arising from embryonic remnants are especially common in NHPs and aging mice (Cline et al. 2008; Long 2002). Cysts arising from vestiges of the paramesonephric duct system may also be observed in the mesosalpinx and broad ligament of the uterus.
The effect of shock waves on mineralization and regeneration of distraction zone in osteoporotic rabbits
Published in Annals of Medicine, 2023
Enes Özkan, Erman Şenel, Mehmet Cihan Bereket, Mehmet Emin Önger
The animals to be operated on were not fed the previous day. Each animal was administered 50 mg/kg ketamine HCL and 8 mg/kg xylazine HCL intramuscularly for general anaesthesia. Before the procedure, cefazolin sodium 50 mg/kg for prophylaxis and tramadol 1 mg/kg for analgesia were given by intramuscular injection. After shaving the abdomen of the anaesthetized animals, they were wiped with a povidone-iodine solution providing antisepsis in the surgical area. In the experimental groups which were to have an ovariectomy, the abdominal cavity was opened with a 4 cm laparotomy incision on the midline of the abdomen. After reaching the ovaries, the mesovarium and fallopian tube were ligated and the ovarian tissues on both sides were excised. In the subjects in the Cont group, the ovarian tissues were accessed after the abdominal cavity was opened similarly but were left in situ without being excised. All animals abdominal wall, subcutaneous, and skin tissues were sutured in layers and then closed. The procedure was concluded by applying antiseptic and antibiotic wound pomade, nitrofurazone 0.2%. After surgery, animals were placed in cages and intramuscular injections of cefazolin sodium 50 mg/kg and tramadol HCl 1 mg/kg were administered for three days in the postoperative period to prevent infection and provide analgesia. A period of 12 weeks were waited for the development of osteoporosis (Figure 1).
Creation of a Continent Urinary Bladder Reservoir Vascularized by Omentum as a Possible Surgical Option for Canine Trigonal/Urethral Urothelial Carcinoma
Published in Journal of Investigative Surgery, 2022
Annemarieke de Vlaming, Kyle G. Mathews, Jonathan A. Hash, Erin K. Keenihan, Samantha Sommer, Luke Borst, Shelly L. Vaden
During the second surgery a neoreservoir with cystostomy tube was successfully created in all 3 dogs. Gross assessment during surgery revealed omental adhesions circumferentially on the bladder in all dogs. The ureters were difficult to visualize due to the omentalization in two dogs but palpated as mildly to moderately dilated in both with no other remarkable findings. The third dog’s (C2) ureters were more easily visualized despite omentalization. The right ureter was moderately distended with a notable narrowing/kinking of the ureter approximately 2 cm proximal to the ureteral insertion. This kinking was caused by an adhesion from the right uterine horn and the associated mesovarium causing a focal constriction of the ureter. The uterus and associated adhesion were dissected away from the ureter. The left ureter in this dog was mildly to moderately dilated but otherwise unremarkable. The bladder walls from all 3 dogs had active bleeding from all layers during the second surgery.
Incidental finding of spontaneous salpingo-oophorectomy at diagnostic laparoscopy: a case report
Published in Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 2019
Monica Krishnan, Mostafa Metwally
Ovarian torsion is defined as the partial or the complete rotation of a vascular pedicle of the ovary, causing obstruction to the arterial inflow and venous outflow (Acimi 2016). The exact mechanism of ovarian torsion is unknown. Theories of torsion in normal adnexa include possibilities of excessive adnexal mobility due to abnormally long fallopian tube, mesosalpinx or mesovarium, adnexal venous congestion, and jarring body movements (Raicevic and Saxena 2017). In the presence of an ovarian cyst, risk is increased especially if >5 cm in size (Abbas et al. 2017). Benign pathology is mostly associated with ovarian torsion. Right ovarian torsion tends to occur more commonly than left, possibly due to sigmoid being present on left and right ligament of ovary being longer.
Related Knowledge Centers
- Ovary
- Peritoneum
- Embryo
- Mesentery
- Uterus
- Broad Ligament of The Uterus
- Mesonephros
- Genital Ridge
- Mesorchium
- Mesometrium