Eicosanoids and the Uterine Cervix
Murray D. Mitchell in Eicosanoids in Reproduction, 2020
The eicosanoids are only part of a complex web of substances that can modify the cervix structure. A web is highly organized and made of chains of events; thus, it would be inappropriate and quite meaningless to consider the eicosanoids and the cervix alone as they can be controlled by and have a controlling action on other parts of the cervix chain. In vivo investigations on the capacity of the uterine cervix to synthesize eicosanoids are confined inevitably to animals. Prostaglandin binding sites in the human cervix are enhanced by estrogen priming, but administration of progesterone following estrogen priming resulted in a down-regulation of progesterone binding sites to negligible levels. Dispersed tissue studies on the collagenous and muscle components of the cervix are required to elucidate their separate biochemical responsiveness to eicosanoids, steroids, relaxin, and oxytocin as well as their ability to synthesize the ground substances.
Cancer of the Cervix Uteri
Jennifer L. Kelsey, Nancy G. Hildreth in Breast and Gynecologic Cancer Epidemiology, 2019
Cervical cancer usually arises around the junction of the cervical canal and the ectocervix. Examination of long-term trends in cervical cancer mortality and incidence rates is made difficult by some of the same problems that were described for cancer of the corpus uteri, including the recording of uterine cancer without specifying whether the affected site is the corpus or cervix and the reduced numbers of uteri at risk over time because of the high hysterectomy rate. Women with a primary cancer in the cervix are at increased risk for subsequent cancers of the rectum, oral cavity and pharynx, lung, bladder, and female genital tract other than the corpus and ovary. The increased risk for rectal cancer is restricted to cases in which radiotherapy was used in the treatment of cervical cancer. The Pap test consists of examination by a cytologist of Papanicolaou-stained cells taken from the cervix by scraping, with the objective of detecting precancerous lesions.
Sentinal lymph node identification for early-stage cervical and uterine cancer
Nadeem R. Abu-Rustum, Richard R. Barakat, Douglas A. Levine in Atlas of Procedures in Gynecologic Oncology, 2008
The 4 ml of blue dye can be divided into four separate injections, one into each quadrant of the cervix (1 ml each). Alternatively, the injections can be given at the 3 and 9 o’clock positions, which correspond more to the parametria and avoid blue dye staining of the bladder flap secondary to the 12 o’clock injection. After the injection, the patient is prepped and draped in the usual sterile fashion. The procedure continues as planned, either through laparoscopy or laparotomy. The sentinel node identification and removal is performed first. If no blue nodes are noted, a second injection of 2 ml of blue dye can be injected directly into the cervix.
Ascorbic acid status of patients with normal and abnormal cervical epithelia
Published in Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 1980
M. J. Moriarty, J. F. Murphy, J. F. Malone, Dorothea F. Murphy
Summary Plasma and tissue ascorbic acid status was studied in a total of 41 patients, of whom 20 had invasive carcinoma of the cervix, 11 had carcinoma in situ and 10 had a normal cervix. Ascorbic acid levels in the plasma and the vagina were significantly decreased in patients with carcinoma of the cervix when compared to the other two groups (P < 0·05), but the ascorbic acid level in the cervix itself was normal.
In-situ carcinoma of the uterine cervix showing superficial endometrial spread
Published in Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica, 1979
S. Gupta, I. M. Gupta, P. V. Tiwari
Superficial spread of invasive carcinoma cervix over the endometrial surface is extremely rare and may follow radiation therapy (3, 5). Ferenczy et al. (1) have reported an instance of carcinoma in situ of ecto cervix spreading on the endometrial surface via the endo-cervical canal. This paper reports another in situ lesion of the cervix showing superficial endometrial spread.
A Comparison of the Urothelial Cells and Cervix Scraping Techniques in the Screening Process for Cancer of the Cervix
Published in Journal of Human Ecology, 2005
Earlier detection of carcinoma of the cervix can achieve a goal of total or near total eradication of invasive carcinoma of the cervix bringing about sharp reductions in its incidence and mortality due to it. This has significance for Indian women where the incidence of the cancer and recognized risk factors are high. The Micronucleus assays in exfoliated bladder and cervical cells of women, coming to attention for gynaecological complications and subsequently diagnosed with cervix cancer, have been compared for specificity, sensitivity and efficiency. The test in cervix smears has better specificity and efficiency while the assay in urothelial cells has an edge over sensitivity. These tests, after validation, probably can assist as screening measures for cervix cancer in view of their simplicity, rapidity and cost-effectiveness as desired for population screening of risk groups.