Physiological Aspects of Selected Problems of Training Methodology (Training Strategy)
Atko Viru in Adaptation in Sports Training, 2017
In training, two different but interrelated tasks have to be completed: (1) to create an increased motor potential, and (2) to ensure opportunities for utilization of the increased motor potential in competition performance. The first is achieved through a certain quantitative volume of training loads. The latter needs an accomplishment of sports technique in order to adjust the skill to a new level of motor potential. The necessary volume of training load will cause a pronounced amount of fatigue, associated with reduced excitability and lability of the central nervous structures. The latter impede effective accomplishment of motor coordination to ensure the effective use of the increased motor potential. This contrariness is considered a reason for distributing the accomplishment of these two tasks among different time periods.48
Motor Neurological Examination of the Hand and Upper Limb
J. Terrence Jose Jerome in Clinical Examination of the Hand, 2022
There are three different types of skills for motor coordination:Fine motor skills: These are coordinated movements of small muscles like those of the hands and face. Examples of these fine motor skills include writing, drawing or buttoning a shirt.Gross motor skills: These are coordinated movements of large muscles or groups of muscles like those of the trunk or extremities. Examples include walking, running and lifting activities.Hand-eye skills: These skills refer to the ability of the visual system to coordinate the visual information received and then control or direct the hands in the accomplishment of a task. Examples include catching a ball, sewing and a surgeon using a laparoscope.
Inhalational Durg Abuse
Jacob Loke in Pathophysiology and Treatment of Inhalation Injuries, 2020
Associated with these relatively mild subjective psychological effects, there is a transient intellectual and psychomotor influence. Studies have demonstrated mild intellectual deficits in the setting of marijuana intoxication, including impaired short- and long-term memory and difficulty with simple computation, concepts, and oral communication (Nicholi, 1983). Psychomotor deficiencies with impairment of fine motor coordination have been observed. Sensory, perceptual, and tracking dysfunctions may be seen and present one of the more dangerous aspects of marijuana intoxication. The more affected individuals may be a potential danger to themselves or others when driving or flying, due to impaired ability to perform (Smiley et al., 1981; Janowsky et al., 1976). Because of these psychophysiological and psychomotor effects of marijuana some private industries and government institutions have implemented programs to detect marijuana or other drug abuse in their employees through urine tests (Dogoloff et al., 1985; Schwartz and Hawks, 1985). Urine testing, however, indicates only whether or not an individual has smoked or ingested marijuana, and does not measure impairment (Mason and McBay, 1985). Furthermore, passive inhalation of marijuana smoke resulted in detection of cannabinoids in the urine and blood of healthy volunteers (Morland et al., 1985). These adverse intellectual and psychomotor effects usually resolve in 8-12 hr.
A mixed-longitudinal study of children’s growth, motor development and cognition. Design, methods and baseline results on sex-differences
Published in Annals of Human Biology, 2018
Ana Carolina Reyes, Raquel Chaves, Adam D. G. Baxter-Jones, Olga Vasconcelos, Go Tani, José Maia
Motor coordination is one of the fundamental aspects of motor development (Savelsbergh et al. 2003), and its links to cognitive development have been explored, mostly with fine motor coordination (Carlson et al. 2013; Pacheco et al. 2016). Yet, information concerning these relationships with gross motor coordination (GMC) and their putative sex-differences is still limited (Lopes et al. 2013; Fernandes et al. 2016). Moreover, available longitudinal data concerning GMC for children and adolescents’ are relatively scarce (Willimczik 1980; Deus et al. 2010; D’Hondt et al. 2013; Antunes et al. 2015). Additionally, there is a paucity of information identifying and linking the dynamics of GMC changes to time-varying effects of physical activity (PA), weight status and physical fitness (PF) during the kindergarten and primary school years (Henrique et al. 2017) and the sex-differences that likely occur. This lack of information is concerning as these ages represent an important developmental time window for the acquisition and refinement of fundamental movement skills and the improvement of motor coordination associated with daily tasks (Roberton and Halverson 1984; Clark and Humphrey 1985).
Manual dexterity and outcomes in a commonly used test battery to assess auditory processing disorder (APD) in children
Published in Hearing, Balance and Communication, 2020
Motor coordination is influenced by different cognitive abilities [17]. Impaired motor skill is long known to be associated with impaired language ability [18,19]. Recently it has been suggested that ‘time’ processing is fundamental to motor skill and that temporal auditory processing is impaired in DCD [20]. However, the paper by Trainor et al. [20] does not mention if the significant relationship between temporal auditory processing and motor function they demonstrated persisted after controlling for intelligence and language ability. It is also not clear if motor skill is related to auditory processing (AP) tests other than temporal processing. The present paper evaluates the relationship between different types of AP tests within a commonly used APD test battery, language ability, non-verbal intelligence, and MD in children who were assessed for APD.
Age-related differences in bimanual coordination performance
Published in International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics, 2021
Danuta Roman-Liu, Tomasz Tokarski
In the presented study, motor coordination was examined as the coordination error of mapping a given shape, presented on the monitor screen, by means of a control device, exerting a specific external force in order to maintain the target force. The model takes into account that visual information is particularly important for the control of isometric force. The tasks used in the study require continuous exertion of force by bimanual coordination in the directions determined by the outline shape displayed on the screen. The selection of tasks was dictated by the results of other studies indicating that the synchronization of continuous movements is linked to the activation of the corpus callosum [16], which decreases with age [29,30], and may impact the quality of the performance of continuous bimanual coordination tasks.
Related Knowledge Centers
- Musculoskeletal System
- Physiology
- Premotor Cortex
- Proprioception
- Visual Perception
- Motor Skill
- Kinesiology
- Sense
- Multisensory Integration
- Eye–Hand Coordination