Lifestyle management
Janet Titchener in Diabetes Management, 2020
The positive benefits of exercise are extensive: improved cardiovascular health and better bone health along with a reduced risk of developing diabetes, obesity, sleep apnoea and cancer. There are also the psychosocial benefits of improved mood, improved mobility and independence.19,20 As noted earlier, despite these universal benefits, discussions on the importance of exercise for someone with diabetes are typically reserved for the patients with type 2. While exercise for someone with type 1 diabetes does not improve the underlying pathological defect causing their disease, it can contribute to long-term improvements in glycaemic control and, just as importantly, helps to reduce the risk of obesity and all of the associated metabolic derangements often acquired in the latter years.
Role of Physical Activity in the Health and Wellbeing of Older Adults
James M. Rippe in Lifestyle Medicine, 2019
In this chapter, we present an overview of current research and recommendations concerning the role of physical activity in the health and wellbeing of older adults. In the “Benefits of physical activity for older adults” section, we briefly review some of the benefits that accrue to older individuals who adopt a physically active lifestyle. In the “Recommendations and guidelines for physical activity” section, we summarize current guidelines regarding the frequency, intensity, duration, and type of physical activity recommended for older adults. Next, in the “Motivating older adults to initiate and maintain a physically active lifestyle” section, we focus on evidence-based strategies to help motivate older adults to initiate and maintain a physically active lifestyle. Finally, in the “Communicating about exercise and physical activity” section, we discuss how health professionals should talk to older adults about physical activity, focusing on the need to help them learn how to “be active their way.” We conclude by providing answers to frequently asked questions about physical activity. Throughout the chapter, the Institute of Medicine definitions of physical activity and exercise and related concepts are adopted, where physical activity refers to body movement that is produced by the contraction of skeletal muscles and that increases energy expenditure. Exercise refers to planned, structured, and repetitive movement to improve or maintain one or more components of physical fitness.
Principles of Sports Nutrition
Elizabeth Broad in Sports Nutrition for Paralympic Athletes, 2019
Over recent years, there has been an increased appreciation that optimal adaptive responses to training represent an interaction between the exercise stimulus and the intake of protein, particularly of individual amino acids such as leucine. Research has provided strong evidence that the intake of moderate amounts of protein soon after training maximises muscle protein synthesis (Burd et al. 2011), not only for the development of muscle mass/strength but also for the synthesis of muscle proteins involved in endurance exercise (e.g. enzymes, mitochondria) and hormones which regulate metabolism and immune function. Combining protein with carbohydrate-rich meals and snacks consumed after exercise is also advantageous in optimising glycogen synthesis in situations where muscle damage has occurred or where carbohydrate intake is suboptimal (Betts and Williams 2010).
Metabolic and cardiopulmonary impact of aquatic exercise and nutritional guidance for four individuals with chronic motor incomplete spinal cord injury: a case series
Published in Physiotherapy Theory and Practice, 2023
Paula Richley Geigle, Anna Ogonowska-Slodownik, Joanne E Smith, Kylie James, William H. Scott
Physical training is important for regaining motor and sensory function after SCI but is also regarded as a viable treatment for several secondary consequences associated with SCI, including chronic inflammation, autonomic dysreflexia, cardiovascular disease, and cardio-metabolic syndrome (Sandrow-Feinberg and Houlé, 2015). Glucose metabolism (Jeon et al., 2002) and HDL level (Washburn and Figoni, 1999) can be modified through increased physical activity, but controversy exists surrounding the frequency and intensity required to achieve these beneficial effects. A systematic review of the effect of exercise on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism disorders in chronic SCI concluded insufficient evidence existed to determine whether exercise improved carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in this population (Carlson et al., 2009). Conversely, Nightingale, Metcalfe, Vollaard, and Bilzon (2017) stated that increasing exercise intensity could serve as a simple, readily-available, time-efficient solution to improve cardiometabolic health in persons with SCI. Recent exercise guidelines recommend engaging in at least 30 minutes of moderate to vigorous intensity aerobic exercise three times per week for cardiometabolic health benefits (Martin Ginis et al., 2018).
Can caffeine supplementation reverse the impact of time of day on cognitive and short-term high intensity performances in young female handball players?
Published in Chronobiology International, 2022
Houda Bougrine, Moncef Cherif, Hamdi Chtourou, Nizar Souissi
It is known that the time of the day has a significant influence on sporting performance in athletes with poor performance was registered early in the morning and late at night compared with the afternoon (Ayala et al. 2021; Souissi et al. 2007). Recent results confirmed that the optimal time of the day for any physical exercise is between 16:30 h – 18:30 h based on circadian rhythms (Ayala et al. 2021). One of the difficulties facing handball players is the varied time of day of training and competition schedules. In this regard, it has been reported that agility, vertical jump, and repeated-sprint performance were lower in the morning compared to the afternoon in handball players (Mhenni et al. 2017; Pavlović et al. 2018), which can be potentially reduced by CAF supplementation. Although not yet well examined in handball players, previous reports, in males, indicated that CAF intake may counteract the daily variation of exercise performance (Boyett et al. 2016; Souissi et al. 2014, 2019). Since CAF is a popular supplementation aid among athletes (Aguilar-Navarro et al. 2019) and studies in which CAF supplementation are related to diurnal variation of training and performance are scarce and widely scattered, there is a need for a greater understanding of the ergogenic effects of this supplement across different times of the day in handball players (Pickering and Grgic 2019).
Trait mindfulness and intrinsic exercise motivation uniquely contribute to exercise self-efficacy
Published in Journal of American College Health, 2022
Savannah M. Neace, Allison M. Hicks, Marci S. DeCaro, Paul G. Salmon
Exercise motivation has been widely studied. For example, research using self-determination theory has shown that exercise contexts that support individuals’ autonomy lead to greater persistence in exercise behaviors.22 Self-determination theory explains how fundamental needs drive persistence and well-being, and differentiates between intrinsic and extrinsic subtypes of exercise motivation.23,24Intrinsic motivation reflects inner-directed, personally valued behavior, whereas extrinsic motivation is driven primarily by external reinforcement and pressure.25 When individuals are intrinsically motivated, interest and enjoyment are increased, and they are less easily deterred or distracted from working on the task.20 Intrinsic motivation is associated with long-term adherence to exercise, whereas extrinsic motivation is not.26
Related Knowledge Centers
- Mental Health
- Muscle
- Weight Loss
- Cardiovascular Disease
- Stroke
- Circulatory System
- Body
- Physical Fitness
- Health
- Outdoor Fitness