Urinary system
A Stewart Whitley, Jan Dodgeon, Angela Meadows, Jane Cullingworth, Ken Holmes, Marcus Jackson, Graham Hoadley, Randeep Kumar Kulshrestha in Clark’s Procedures in Diagnostic Imaging: A System-Based Approach, 2020
For imaging of the male urethra, conventional radiographic contrast studies including retrograde urethrography (RUG) are most commonly utilised. These are best suited for delineating luminal problems of the urethra and for this reason are commonly used as the primary imaging modality for patients with various urethral abnormalities such as trauma, inflammation and stricture. Urethrography is the term applied to the radiographic examination of the male urethra using a water-soluble iodine contrast agent. RUG is excellent in evaluating urethral luminal abnormalities. RUG and voiding cystourethrography (VCUG) can be performed independently but to visualise the entire urethra, both should be performed as RUG provides superior imaging of the anterior urethra, whereas VCUG is often preferred for the evaluation of the posterior urethra.
Complications of Benign Adult Penile and Scrotal Surgery
Kevin R. Loughlin in Complications of Urologic Surgery and Practice, 2007
Distal urethral perforation with the dilator protruding through the meatus during distal dilation is the most common urethral injury. To avoid this complication, the dilator should be advanced carefully, and it should be angled dorsolaterally away from the urethra. The free hand should also be used to guide the tip of the dilator in the proper direction. Should perforation occur in spite of precautions, no attempt at cylinder placement is recommended. Instead, a Foley catheter should be placed. Urethral repair or suprapubic diversion is not necessary. Injuries to this portion of the urethra are difficult to repair and will heal with catheter placement alone. Prosthesis placement should be delayed for at least eight weeks and until after a retrograde urethrogram demonstrates complete urethral healing.
Urethra and Penis
Professor Sir Norman Williams, Professor P. Ronan O’Connell, Professor Andrew W. McCaskie in Bailey & Love's Short Practice of Surgery, 2018
Investigation involves uroflowmetry, urethroscopy, urethrography and ultrasound scanning to assess bladder emptying and to detect any upper tract dilatation. The urinary flow rate is typically prolonged and plateau shaped (Figure79.7) while urethroscopy allows the stricture to be viewed as a circumferential scar (Figure79.8). Openings of false passages commemorate previous misguided attempts to pass a urethral catheter. Urethrography using a water-soluble contrast medium will show the extent and severity of the stricture (Figures79.9and79.10).
Post-transcriptional suppression of TIMP-1 in epithelial-differentiated adipose-derived stem cells seeded bladder acellular matrix grafts reduces urethral scar formation
Published in Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology, 2018
Yinglong Sa, Lin Wang, Huiquan Shu, Jie Gu
New Zealand white male rabbits (1.5–2.0 kg; SLAC Laboratory Animal, Shanghai, China) were used in the current study. The rabbits were randomly divided into different experimental groups, and each containing 10 animals. All surgeries were performed by the same surgeon, according to a published protocol [18]. Briefly, a ventral urethral mucosal defect (VUMD) with a mean length of 2.0 cm and mean width of 0.8 cm was created in the rabbit penile urethra about 2.0 cm from the external urethral orifice. The grafts seeded bladder acellular matrix grafts (BAMG) was placed over the urethral mucosal defect using 6–0 vicryl sutures (Ethicon, Somerville, NJ). A urethral catheter was placed for 14 days to provide bladder drainage after the surgery. Retrograde urethrography and histology analysis were done 5 months after surgery.
Non-transecting urethroplasty in patients with bulbar urethral strictures shorter than three centimeters
Published in Scandinavian Journal of Urology, 2023
Muhammet Şahin Yılmaz, Alihan Kokurcan, Fahrettin Şamil Uysal, Görkem Özenç, Fatih Yalçınkaya
Regardless of the type of surgery, the surgical procedure was considered successful in the case that the following criteria were fulfilled after the sixth postoperative month or afterward: There was no need for additional urethral surgeryMaximum flow rate was 15 ml/s or higher in uroflowmetryA normal urethral caliber was detected in retrograde urethrogramNo urethral stricture was detected during flexible cystourethroscopy
Syringocele: a retrospective study and review of the literature
Published in Scandinavian Journal of Urology, 2019
Frederikke Eichner Sørensen, Martin Skott, Yazan F. Rawashdeh, Hans Jørgen Kirkeby
In a review from 2010, Melquist et al. [6] recommended a non-invasive approach for the initial evaluation of syringoceles. If history and physical examination gives suspicion of a syringocele a perineal or transrectal US should be performed. To confirm the US findings a retrograde urethrography and VCUG should be performed. If uretherography is insufficient, cystourethroscopy, urodynamic studies, CT or MRI could be used. This was not the procedure followed, either in our experience or in the majority of the reported cases (Figure 5). The reason for this might be that the condition is so rare that clinicians fail to suspect syringocele as a differential diagnosis. All of the patients in our study had a cystourethroscopy performed either as part of the diagnostics or as part of the treatment. This was in line with the reported procedure in the case reports. Urethrography was more prevalent in the literature, than in our study (70% vs 27% for retrograde urethrography in the adult population), whereas more patients in our study underwent MRI (15% vs 45%). A probable explanation for that may be that the MRI scans have become more accessible within the last 10 years and has thereby replaced the retrograde urethrography. In both the literature and our study a more uniform use of examinations was seen in the pediatric population. This can be due to the suspicion of urethral valves in children with hydronephrosis or obstructive voiding symptoms and VCUG and renal US is standard examinations when this is suspected. The more differentiated distribution of symptoms in the adult population can lead to more diverse diagnostic approaches, which are reflected in Table 2 and Figure 5.
Related Knowledge Centers
- Asepsis
- Fluoroscopy
- Glans Penis
- Urinary Tract Infection
- Urethra
- Radiology
- Urethral Stricture
- External Sphincter Muscle of Male Urethra
- Navicular Fossa of Male Urethra
- Urinary Meatus