Multi-omics Analysis
Altuna Akalin in Computational Genomics with R, 2020
As introduced in Chapter 4, NMF (Non-negative Matrix Factorization) is an algorithm from 2000 that seeks to find a non-negative additive decomposition for a non-negative data matrix. It takes the familiar form , with , , and . The non-negative constraints make a lossless decomposition (i.e. ) generally impossible. Hence, NMF attempts to find a solution which minimizes the Frobenius norm of the reconstruction:
More Complicated Linear Models
John G. Wagner in Pharmacokinetics for the Pharmaceutical Scientist, 2018
A reconstruction was then performed. Since k12, k21 and k10 used in performing the Exact Loo-Riegelman method on these data were those derived from the fit shown in Figure 2.13, the same λ1 and λ2, namely 0.1095 and 0.6634 hr-1 respectively, were used along with D = 100 mg, Vc/F = 5.78 L, and the parameters above estimated in the fitting shown in Figure 2.14. These values were substituted into Equation (88) to produce the theoretical line drawn through the observed points in Figure 2.15. Thus, Equation (88) can sometimes produce double peaks as in Figure 2.13 and at other times produce a single peak as in Figure 2.15; results depend upon the absorption parameters and the lag time, tQ.
Reconstruction in head and neck surgical oncology
Neeraj Sethi, R. James A. England, Neil de Zoysa in Head, Neck and Thyroid Surgery, 2020
The aims of reconstruction should address the following issues: Protection for the brain where the dura has been breachedThe skin defectThe auricular defectThe tissue volume deficitAny mandibular defectFacial nerve dysfunction
Social Work as a Product and Project of Whiteness, 1607–1900
Published in Journal of Progressive Human Services, 2021
The post-Civil War years of Reconstruction and early Jim Crow, here defined approximately as 1866–1900, ushered in a continuation of preexisting societal racism, as well as novel iterations of systemic, institutional white supremacy deployed through science and social welfare. Reconstruction, the federal occupation of the southern states as a means of scaffolding postwar regional stability and restoring national unity, lasted roughly from 1866 to 1877. The Jim Crow era commenced in 1877 and continued well beyond the turn of the century, during which time state and local laws, predominately in the south, mandated segregated public facilities and services for black and white populations. The period of Reconstruction and Early Jim crow bears critical significance to the present discussion for the fact that this historical moment signifies the transitional stage when social welfare ideas and practices began to gradually coalesce under the cohesive social and professional domain from which formalized social work would later emerge (Reisch, 1998).
Marching Home: Union Veterans and their Unending Civil War
Published in Psychiatry, 2020
The period from 1865–1877 was known as reconstruction. During this time, the goal of the U. S. government was to restore the relationship between the combatants, to integrate the former Confederate states into the union, and to secure basic rights for the newly freed slaves. Reconstruction ultimately failed due to political disagreements and Southern state governments that were dominated by those who repudiated reconstruction (Donald et al., 2001). This period was chaotic and extremely violent in the South. Former Union soldiers feared that there would be another war and that the Union victory had been in vain. Similar sentiments occurred after World War II based on the aggressive words and actions of the Soviet Union and after the Iraq war of 1990 in which Kuwait had been liberated, but the ambitions of Iraq were unchecked.
Meeting the Moment: Bioethics in the Time of Black Lives Matter
Published in The American Journal of Bioethics, 2022
I contend, following Eddie Glaude (2020, xix), that the US is at a crossroads in its history of racial injustice. We have been at such a crossroads at least twice before. The first time was during Reconstruction (1863–1877), following directly after the Civil War and the abolition of slavery. The task in that moment was to establish meaningful citizenship for formerly enslaved Black people. There were many strong visions, heroic community efforts, and incredible political accomplishments by Black and white people. Black men were elected to state congresses throughout the South, where they championed causes like public education for all children, and sixteen were sent to the Federal Congress (14 in the House and 2 in the Senate) (see Du Bois 1998, Chapter 14). Yet the period ended with the establishment of Black Codes (precursors of Jim Crow laws) throughout the South designed to return Black people to a state of virtual slavery, with the defense of these laws by the Supreme Court, and with the withdrawal of federal troops from the South. The Reconstruction period was much maligned by white historians of the early twentieth century sympathetic to Southern whites and remains a significantly underacknowledged moment in US history (see Lewis 2020).
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