Optical Imaging
George C. Kagadis, Nancy L. Ford, Dimitrios N. Karnabatidis, George K. Loudos in Handbook of Small Animal Imaging, 2018
Because CLI has essentially the same acquisition geometry as planar BLI, there is a lack of information on the depth of the radioisotope source. As with bioluminescence, there are two approaches for reconstructing the source term S(x) in the appropriate inverse problem model. First, multispectral imaging using filters exploits the fact that Cerenkov photons at different wavelengths will experience different absorption. Using multispectral imaging with planar imaging can provide limited depth information. Spinelli et al. have translated depth estimation methods for planar imaging in a semi-infinite medium from BLI (Kuo et al. 2007) to CLI (Spinelli et al. 2010, 2011b; Spinelli and Boschi 2012). A more detailed treatment of the relevant physics for Cerenkov production and detection can be found in the study of Das et al. (2014).
Clinical Applications of Dual Energy CT in Neuroradiology
Katsuyuki Taguchi, Ira Blevis, Krzysztof Iniewski in Spectral, Photon Counting Computed Tomography, 2020
This chapter provides an overview of the applications of dual energy computed tomography (DECT) in neuroimaging. We briefly describe six different implementations of the DECT technology. Irrespective of the technological implementation; however, the fundamental capabilities provided by DECT remain the same and include: (1) material decomposition to separate different tissue types, (2) material quantification to predict presence or concentration of a specific material, and (3) generation of the so-called virtual monochromatic images. These capabilities, which are offered by both dual and multispectral CT scanners, have several useful and promising applications in neuroimaging and the most of the chapters are devoted to describing these different applications. Specifically, we describe the following applications of DECT: (1) differentiation of intracranial hemorrhage from iodinated contrast extravasation, (2) differentiation of hemorrhage from dystrophic calcifications in the brain, (3) accentuation of contrast enhancement when only a small volume of contrast material can be used due to renal insufficiency, (4) metal artifact reduction, (5) atherosclerotic plaque characterization, (6) tumor characterization, and (7) predicting risk of intracranial hematoma expansion. The chapter will discuss the pertinent literature and describes the above application with examples from routine clinical care of patients. As we will show, multispectral imaging is an integral part of the routine clinical care of patients today because it improves image quality, reduces radiation dose by eliminating multiphasic examinations (e.g., by eliminating the need for both a non-contrast and contrast-enhanced CT), and provides more specific diagnostic information for certain pathologies in head and neck imaging.
Plant Disease Detection Using Imaging Sensors, Deep Learning and Machine Learning for Smart Farming
Punit Gupta, Dinesh Kumar Saini, Rohit Verma in Healthcare Solutions Using Machine Learning and Informatics, 2023
Spectral sensors are usually classified on the basis of the quantity and dimension of the measured waveform and non-imaging sensorb system. Multispectral sensors, which are the best-known spectral sensors, particularly analyze the spectral data of elements in many relatively wide waves. Multispectral imaging cameras, for example, can access information in R, G and B waves. Multispectral sensors are used in drone-based agricultural mapping and analytics (Singh et al., 2020).
Advances in quantitative immunohistochemistry and their contribution to breast cancer
Published in Expert Review of Molecular Diagnostics, 2020
Vesal Yaghoobi, Sandra Martinez-Morilla, Yuting Liu, Lori Charette, David L. Rimm, Malini Harigopal
There are a few existing techniques to amplify signal from multiplex Immunofluorescence staining such as Multiplex modified hapten-based, Tyramide signal amplification [62–66], and Nanocrystal quantum dots [67–73]. These techniques do not allow for very high-resolution immunofluorescence staining, although they are helpful by allowing the use of single-species antibodies (Tyramide signal amplification and Multiplex modified hapten-based), by increasing the number of multiplex channels from 5 to 7 (Tyramide signal amplification). The key advantage of Multispectral imaging techniques is that they diminish autofluorescence and create more spectrally distinguishable colors. While quantum dots initially looked very promising, high background due to nonspecific interactions with tissue ultimately limited the value of this approach and it is not currently commonly used. Another newer technology called Phosphor-Integrated Dots (PID) seems promising [74], but has not yet been exhaustively tested.
Spatial profiling technologies and applications for brain cancers
Published in Expert Review of Molecular Diagnostics, 2021
Priyakshi Kalita-de Croft, Habib Sadeghi Rad, Harry Gasper, Ken O’Byrne, Sunil R Lakhani, Arutha Kulasinghe
NanoString GeoMxTM Digital Spatial Profiler (DSP) is a nondestructive technique capable of in-depth RNA/protein expression profiling [39]. Using oligonucleotide detection technology, the DSP platform provides highly multiplexed RNA/protein quantification with spatial resolution down to a few cells from fixed or fresh frozen tissues [40]. After tissue preparation, samples are incubated with visualization markers (e.g. pan-cytokeratin, CD8, and CD3) and conjugated with oligonucleotide tags [41]. This is followed by a selection of Regions of interest (ROIs) which are defined by the user to demarcate the tissue architecture [41]. Finally, oligo tags are released by ultraviolet (UV) exposure from discrete regions and are then subject to nanostring counting/sequencing to create a spatially resolved profile of the analyte abundance [41]. The technology has several advantages, including user-defined ROI analysis and multispectral imaging [42]. The DSP can also eliminate the need for chemical stripping, which is a downside of other multi-color IHC techniques, by using a UV-photocleavable signal. Taken together, by providing high-plex and high-throughput RNA/protein spatial profiling, the DSP platform will therefore be an important addition to current single-staining IHC methods in clinical diagnostics [42]. One of the challenges has been to get single-cell resolution compatibility, which is currently in development with the spatial molecular imager (SMI) to be released in 2021.
Characteristics of punctate inner choroidopathy complicated by choroidal neovascularisation on Multispectral Imaging in comparison with other imaging modalities
Published in Ocular Immunology and Inflammation, 2022
Jie Zhang, Minfang Zhang, Wangbin Ouyang, Fang Wang, Shiying Li
Multispectral imaging (MSI) is another emerging imaging technology that uses multiple discrete light-emitting diodes (LEDs) as light sources, ranging from the visible to near infrared. It has been reported to aid diagnosis and management of chorioretinal diseases by allowing for visualization of retinal and choroidal vasculature without intravenous dye injection required for standard FA.9 Furthermore, with the ability of sensitively detecting RPE atrophy and melanin disruption secondary to chorioretinal abnormal lesions, MSI may be a promising tool to noninvasively monitor the pathological evolution of PIC lesions, complementary to SD-OCT and angiographic studies.10 Herein, we present the MSI findings of eight patients diagnosed with PIC complicated by CNV.
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