Daptomycin
M. Lindsay Grayson, Sara E. Cosgrove, Suzanne M. Crowe, M. Lindsay Grayson, William Hope, James S. McCarthy, John Mills, Johan W. Mouton, David L. Paterson in Kucers’ The Use of Antibiotics, 2017
In an infant pneumococcal meningitis rat model, the effect on brain damage due to inflammation was studied. Rats were treated with ceftriaxone alone, with daptomycin before ceftriaxone, and with rifampin before ceftriaxone. Brain damage was studied by measuring chemokines and cytokines in the CSF and histomorphometry, and hearing loss were assessed after 3 weeks. Daptomycin plus ceftriaxone vs. ceftriaxone significantly (p < 0.04) lowered CSF concentrations of monocyte chemoattractant protein 1, macrophage inflammatory protein 1α, and interleukin 6 at 6 hours as well as macrophage inflammatory protein 1α, interleukin 6, and interleukin 10 at 22 hours after initiation of therapy and led to significantly (p < 0.01) less apoptosis and significantly (p < 0.01) improved hearing capacity (Grandgirard et al., 2012). Adjuvant daptomycin could therefore offer added benefits for the treatment of pediatric pneumococcal meningitis. Another study also showed an additional effect for the combination of ceftriaxone plus daptomycin (Egermann et al., 2009). In the comparison of daptomycin and vancomycin in a rabbit MRSA meningitis model, after 8 hours of treatment the antibacterial effect of these two drugs was similar. The doses of daptomycin used in the rabbits were comparable to human doses of 6 mg/kg (Bardak-Ozcem et al., 2013).
Disease prevention and screening in public health
Ben Y.F. Fong, Martin C.S. Wong in The Routledge Handbook of Public Health and the Community, 2021
Pneumococcal infection is caused by Streptococcus pneumonia, which can induce ear infection, sinus infection, meningitis or even bacteraemia. Like influenza, the pneumococcal bacteria is usually spread by respiratory secretions from infected people. Pneumococcal vaccination is recommended in the prevention of many types of pneumococcal bacterial infections. According to a recent systematic review of cost-effectiveness research, influenza vaccination was assessed to save 56% of health care cost, and 31% for pneumococcal vaccination (Leidner et al., 2019).
Bacterial Meningitis
Thomas T. Yoshikawa, Shobita Rajagopalan in Antibiotic Therapy for Geriatric Patients, 2005
other meningopathogens. The 23-valent polysaccharide vaccine for S. pneumoniae, Pneumovax, is an effective one, but the degree of efficacy is not definitively proven (35). A recent study showed efficacy for bacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia, but not for community-acquired pneumonia overall (36). Since bacteria or bloodstream survival is presumed to be an important part of the pathogenesis of pneumococcal meningitis, this polysaccharide vaccine may still provide significant protection for this disease. The vaccine is significantly underutilized with less than one-third of eligible candidates having received it in earlier surveys. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention have put forth targets of 60% vaccination rates for eligible older adults and 90% for the institutionalized elderly (35).
From urinary tract infection to cochlear implantation: A case report
Published in Acta Oto-Laryngologica Case Reports, 2019
Jussi Sarin, Jaakko Salonen, Jussi Hirvonen, Jussi Jero
Meningitis is a well-known risk factor for acute sensorineural hearing loss (HL), even deafness [1]. Pneumococcal meningitis, in particular, results relatively often in hearing loss and other neurologic sequelae [1]. Following sepsis, acute sensorineural HL is far less common [2] compared to meningitis-induced HL and to our knowledge, the role of Escherichia coli has not been specifically reported previously. Should the conventional hearing aid rehabilitation prove inadequate in the treatment of HL, cochlear implantation is potentially a viable treatment option for these patients. Indeed, cochlear implantation has gained a solid position as a means to treat patients with severe to profound hearing loss [3,4]. In addition to the established guidelines for cochlear implantation, there is also an increasing trend for off-label and nontraditional indication consideration, asymmetrical HL included [5].
Brain-targeted delivery of PEGylated nano-bacitracin A against Penicillin-sensitive and -resistant Pneumococcal meningitis: formulated with RVG29 and Pluronic® P85 unimers
Published in Drug Delivery, 2018
Wei Hong, Zehui Zhang, Lipeng Liu, Yining Zhao, Dexian Zhang, Mingchun Liu
Pneumococcal meningitis is a large public health concern, especially in children and immunocompromised patients. Although the epidemiology of Pneumococcal meningitis has shown significant decline in past decades, partly due to the introduction of vaccines, outbreaks are still reported worldwide. Our preliminary study indicated that PEGylated Nano-BA12K showed excellent antibacterial potency against S. pneumonia with good biocompatibility. In this study, the possibility of using PEGylated Nano-BA12K to treat Penicillin-sensitive and Penicillin-resistant pneumococcal meningitis was investigated. Formulating drugs to transverse the BBB is a necessary step in the design of anti-meningitis drug delivery systems. For brain-targeting delivery of PEGylated Nano-BA12K, a mixed micellar system formulated with a brain-targeting ligand of RVG29 and P-gp inhibitor of Pluronic® P85 unimers (RVG29-Nano-BAP85) was constructed. A small proportion of RVG29-PEG-PLGA-PEG-RVG29 impart the capability of the mixed micelles crossing the BBB through receptor-medicated transcytosis (RMT) (Liu et al., 2009; Banks, 2012; Kim et al., 2013). Pluronic® P85 unimers can inhibit the P-gp drug efflux system to further increase the permeability of BBB.
Outcome of uncorrected CSF leak and consequent recurrent meningitis in a patient: a case presentation and literature review
Published in British Journal of Neurosurgery, 2020
Post-traumatic recurrent bacterial meningitis has primarily been described in case series of paediatric patients. Studies conducted on adult patients with post-traumatic recurrent bacterial meningitis are limited in number. It is an important condition due to its potential for debilitating sequelae. The formidable post-meningitic complications of brain abscess, hydrocephalus, mental retardation, and death serve to heighten awareness of this condition.2 Long-term neurologic sequelae can develop, including hearing loss and other focal neurologic deficits. Cognitive impairment occurs frequently after bacterial meningitis. In one prospective study, cognitive impairment was detected in 27% of adults who had a good recovery from pneumococcal meningitis. Cognitive impairment consisted mainly of cognitive slowness, which was related to lower scores on questionnaires measuring the quality of life.10 Whilst the frequency of death with a single episode of bacterial meningitis is 21%, surprisingly this number decreases with recurrent meningitis. It has been proposed that the reason for this is the earlier recognition of symptoms by patients with recurrent episodes. There is no evidence to support the fact that recurrent infections do lead to cumulative cognitive and neurological deficits and this would be an area to focus on in future studies. Our patient, after careful assessment, did not have any evidence of cumulative negative outcomes, both in terms of focal neurology and cognitive impairment. His seizures resolved spontaneously after 2 years.
Related Knowledge Centers
- Meningitis
- Microbiota
- Otitis Media
- Pharynx
- Pneumococcal Pneumonia
- Pneumonia
- Streptococcus Pneumoniae
- Infection
- Sepsis
- Community-Acquired Pneumonia