Face
Keith Hopcroft, Vincent Forte in Symptom Sorter, 2020
SMALL PRINT: viral or bacterial swabs, skin biopsy, muscle biopsy. FBC: WCC raised in any infection; may be normochromic, normocytic anaemia in SLE.ESR, autoantibody screen: ESR likely to be raised in infection and SLE; autoantibodies may be positive in the latter.CPK: elevated in dermatomyositis.Viral or bacterial swabs: to help diagnosis in obscure cases or if secondary infection suspected.Skin biopsy; muscle biopsy: the former for suspected lupus vulgaris or sarcoidosis; the latter to confirm dermatomyositis.
Face
Keith Hopcroft, Vincent Forte in Symptom Sorter, 2020
SMALL PRINT: Viral or bacterial swabs, skin biopsy, muscle biopsy. FBC: WCC raised in any infection; may be normochromic, normocytic anaemia in SLE.ESR/CRP, autoantibody screen: ESR/CRP likely to be raised in infection and SLE; autoantibodies may be positive in the latter.CPK: Elevated in dermatomyositis.Viral or bacterial swabs: To help diagnosis in obscure cases or if secondary infection suspected.Skin biopsy; muscle biopsy: The former for suspected lupus vulgaris or sarcoidosis; the latter to confirm dermatomyositis.
Bacterial and parasitic infections
Aimilios Lallas, Enzo Errichetti, Dimitrios Ioannides in Dermoscopy in General Dermatology, 2018
In early phases, lupus vulgaris manifests with discrete, red-brown papules that gradually coalesce into large, indolent, asymptomatic plaques, displaying central resolution and/or atrophy (Figures 12.1A–12.3A).1,2 The head and neck area are the most common site of involvement, although in subtropical and tropical areas, it can develop on the lower extremities or buttocks as well.1,2 Lupus vulgaris is considered one of the greatest masqueraders in dermatology, since it may clinically mimic various infectious or inflammatory dermatoses, mainly including discoid lupus erythematosus, dermatitis, sarcoidosis, rosacea, and tinea infection.2
Imaging the hidden in dermatology across history
Published in Journal of Dermatological Treatment, 2018
What is hidden in observations in morphology is functionality. Innovative clinicians and researchers imagined what micromorphology means in terms of functionality. Driven by imagination, extensive physiological, immunological and molecular genetic research developed in the second half of the 20th century. Immunology has developed our understanding of immunodermatoses. Lupus vulgaris, once, a frequently occurring disease with tissueloss due to tuberculosis, appear to harbour lupus erythematodes, with immunodepositions pathognomonic for the immunodermatosis lupus erythematosus. Later the follicular hyperkeratose were recognised as hallmark of the disease. A similar development occurred for blistering diseases. The immunological classification revealed hidden hallmarks, which became visible after understanding the disease in the light of immunodermatology.
Common dermatological conditions in the HIV patient
Published in South African Family Practice, 2019
Cutaneous tuberculosis is divided into three categories as follows: Inoculation tuberculosis, a primary infection of the skin that is introduced by an exogenous source, e.g. lupus vulgaris and tuberculous chancre.Secondary tuberculosis, either by contiguous or haematogenous spread from a primary focus that leads to involvement of the skin, e.g. scrofuloderma.Tuberculids which are hypersensitivity reactions to M. tuberculosis components, e.g. papulonecrotic tuberculid, erythema induratum of Bazin and lichen scrofulosorum.
Maternal and fetal outcomes of SLE in pregnancy: a literature review
Published in Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 2023
Abdul Basit Sangah, Sidra Jabeen, Meklit Zenbabaw Hunde, Sunita Devi, Hassan Mumtaz, Shazia Saleem Shaikh
It is noted that SLE often begins in early adulthood (Petri 2020). It is well established that SLE patients may have various symptoms, such as tiredness, skin rashes, fevers, and joint discomfort or swelling (CDC 2022). Some individuals may have flares of SLE symptoms every so often, perhaps even years apart, and then go into remission at other times (CDC 2022). There are various reasons for Lupus (SLE), including a drug-induced nature (Rubin 2005). Long-term treatment with over 40 drugs has been linked to drug-induced lupus (Rubin 2005). The drug-induced Lupus (SLE)’s clinical and analytical aspects are identical to systemic lupus erythematosus, except that individuals completely recover after discontinuing the offending medicine (Rubin 2005). Lupus (SLE) could also manifest as Lupus Mastitis (Cerveira et al.2006). It can also present as the most prevalent type of cutaneous TB, which is lupus vulgaris (Sirka et al.2021). Plaque-like, ulcerative, hypertrophic, vegetative, papular, and nodular forms are among the clinical types of lupus vulgaris (Pai et al.2014). SLE can causes complications during pregnancy too (Derksen 1991). It has long been believed that pregnancy worsens the symptoms of maternal SLE by causing exacerbations (Derksen 1991).
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