Prospects of Local Flora of Trans-Himalayan Region of Ladakh for Various Medicinal Uses
Parimelazhagan Thangaraj in Medicinal Plants, 2018
It can be prescribed in combination with Guggul (Commiphora mukul) for curing myocardial ischemia. Roots are also used in chronic bronchitis when mixed with half of the amount with Kuth (Saussuria lappa). It has been used as anthelmintic for children and also as an antiseptic, expectorant and diuretic. Dried rhizomes and roots are used to cure in gastrointestinal troubles and rheumatism (Chaurasia et al., 2008). It has been used as an anthelmintic, antiseptic, expectorant and diuretic (Kumar et al. 2011). Though the cultivation practices of Inula were standardized at several locations, the quality and quantity of its bioactive compounds in different valleys in Ladakh under wild and cultivable land have not yet been reported. Standardization related to quality and quantity of bioactive compounds, like sesquiterpene lactones from cultured plantlets, is another area of organized study due to their high medicinal value. The screening of their ecotypes and diversity for morphological, biochemical and genetic levels will enable the researchers to realize the existing population of Inula, which will be useful for their conservation and sustained utilization (Chaurasia et al. 2008).
Information on level of drugs into breastmilk
Wendy Jones in Breastfeeding and Medication, 2018
Expectorants have long been used on the grounds that increasing the volume of secretions in the respiratory tract facilitates removal by ciliary action and coughing. However, clinical evidence of efficacy is lacking, and many authorities consider expectorants to be of no value other than as a placebo. Commonly used expectorants include ammonium salts, guaifenesin, ipecacuanha and sodium citrate. Products containing these ingredients remain popular with patients who spend many millions of pounds annually on their purchases. There is no evidence that products containing guaifenesin, ipecacuanha and sodium citrate are harmful for breastfeeding mothers and they may help to alleviate symptoms. Guaifenesin is found in many children’s cough remedies.
Inhalational therapies for non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis
Anthony J. Hickey, Heidi M. Mansour in Inhalation Aerosols, 2019
Expectorant agents include sterile water, normal saline, hypertonic saline, and mannitol. Long-term use of humidified air with sterile water has been demonstrated to be a cost-effective way to reduce frequency and duration of exacerbations, increase forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC), and improve quality-of-life scores (57,58). Nebulized saline formulations improve ciliary clearance of sputum by decreasing sputum osmolality in bovine trachea models and can help increase the expectorated amount of sputum during chest physiotherapy (59,60). Hypertonic saline in particular has also been associated with immunomodulating effects, with one study showing a reduction of IL-8 concentrations in the sputum of CF patients (61). Clinically, the use of normal saline and hypertonic saline has been shown to improve quality of life, healthcare utilization rates, lung function, and changes in bacterial colonization, although the data on the superiority of one over the other are mixed (62,63). Mannitol is another osmotic agent that has been shown to improve mucus clearance in a dose-dependent fashion (64,65). In a 52-week, double-blind, randomized control trial involving 485 subjects from 84 centers worldwide, inhaled mannitol 400 mg twice daily was compared to a control of inhaled mannitol 50 mg twice daily (previously shown to not have significant clinical benefit). There was no significant difference in exacerbation rates, lung function, and sputum weight between the two groups, but the treatment group did show significantly longer time to exacerbation and more improvement in quality-of-life measures compared to the control group (66).
The beneficial effects of an adenotonsillectomy upon upper respiratory tract infections, asthma and rhinitis in children: a national database study in Korea
Published in Acta Oto-Laryngologica, 2023
Mi Rye Bae, Kyung-Do Han, Sang-Hyun Park, Yoo-Sam Chung
The prescription of expectorants, cough suppressants, oral bronchodilators, oral antihistamines, leukotriene modulators, oral steroids, and oral antibiotics was significantly reduced in our present surgery group compared with the control group. The number of prescription days for inhaled sprays and inhaled bronchodilators, which are mainly used for asthma, did not show a significant decrease after surgery. This observation is in line with the decrease in the number of outpatient visits and hospitalization days, which was more clearly evident among the patients with rhinitis and upper respiratory tract infection than in the asthma cases. Acknowledging that two or more drugs are often coadministered to control various symptoms of a disease, each drug does not represent a single specific disease. Furthermore, a particular drug can be used to control a variety of diseases. In particular, oral antibiotics are not used only for the respiratory diseases targeted in this study but are used to control a variety of infections. It is difficult therefore to interpret a decrease in the use of antibiotics after surgery directly as a decrease in the severity of a specific disease. However, considering that the burden of drug administration is greater in children than in adults, the significant decrease we here observed in the prescription of various drugs after surgery can be considered as a benefit of surgery.
Addressing unmet needs for diagnosis and management of chronic cough in the primary care setting
Published in Postgraduate Medicine, 2021
Peter Kardos, Michael Blaiss, Peter Dicpinigaitis
A 52-year-old female office worker who has never smoked sought consultation with her primary care physician with complaint of cough. The cough began ~7 years earlier upon the onset of a common cold; since then, the patient has had a persistent dry cough that occurs mostly during the day and worsens when lying down in the evening (but it does not disrupt her sleep at night). Infrequently, she expectorates minimal quantities of transparent phlegm, leading to some relief. Her medical history does not indicate any identifiable contributing factors to cough (e.g. environmental triggers, smoking) and she has no regular medication use. The patient has tried many over-the-counter expectorants and antitussives, but these medications only provide, at most, brief relief. Results from chest X-ray and spirometry were normal. Forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) was 85% of predicted volume. Pre- and postbronchodilator comparison was performed; an 8% improvement in FEV1 was observed, reflecting a negative bronchodilator response. How should this patient be diagnosed and treated?
Anti-inflammatory, expectorant, and antitussive properties of Kyeongok-go in ICR mice
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2021
Jin-Ryul Hu, Chul-Jong Jung, Seong-Min Ku, Dae-Hwa Jung, Khawaja Muhammad Imran Bashir, Sae-Kwang Ku, Jae-Suk Choi
Linctus (a cough medication in syrup form) is used to treat cough and its related symptoms. For dry cough, treatments with antitussives or cough suppressants are used to suppress the body's urge to cough. Whereas, in productive coughs (producing phlegm), expectorants are used to loosen mucus from the respiratory tract (Smith et al. 2008; Dicpinigaitis 2012). Animal models including mice can be used to verify the antitussive effects of drugs by detecting and counting the number of coughs produced by tussive stimulus, like NH4OH given to animals, and by comparing the number of coughs induced in response to the administration of tussive, as an effective and simple experimental approach (Zhang et al. 2009; Wang et al. 2012). In this study, the antitussive effects of KOG were tested using the NH4OH exposure coughing mouse model. ASA is directly related to the gas exchange capacity of lung, the higher the ASA, the higher the gas exchange capacity (Davey et al. 2002; Choi et al. 2005; Ku et al. 2012).
Related Knowledge Centers
- Bronchus
- Mucus
- Trachea
- Surfactant
- Lung
- Sputum
- Guaifenesin
- Inspissation
- Mechanism of Action
- Mucoprotein