Overview on Anatomy of Human Respiratory System
Sunit K. Singh in Human Respiratory Viral Infections, 2014
Respiration is defined as exchange of gases between alveolar air and blood in lungs and between blood and body cells. It is a sum of three processes: Breathing or pulmonary ventilation is carrying air through external nostrils into the lungs (inspiration) and expelling out used air (expiration) from lungs through the same passage.External respiration is exchange of gases between the alveolar air and blood; oxygen diffuses into blood and carbon dioxide leaving out blood into alveolar air.Internal respiration or tissue respiration is gaseous exchange between blood and body cells.
Transformation of human traits and being
Antonella Sansone in Cultivating Mindfulness to Raise Children Who Thrive, 2020
Breathing allows our body to take in enough oxygen and promote its optimal heath. But most of us do not breathe properly. We undervalue the benefits of breathing properly. The physiological benefits of oxygen include eliminating toxins in tissues, cells and the bloodstream; increasing the uptake of nutrients; killing infectious bacteria; and boosting the immune system (Altman, 2007). The psychological effects include boosted energy and a calmer self-regulated nervous system. Breathing properly during pregnancy is particularly important, since the supplies of oxygen increase by 20 per cent. The enhanced body awareness also helps connect with the developing baby. You can build a habit of deep breathing during some daily activities (e.g. dishwashing, while on the train, driving, holding the baby and breastfeeding). It is important to engage the diaphragm while breathing in. Extending the exhalation as long as possible keeps the parasympathetic system (calming) active. Breathing practice helps you connect with your body by becoming aware of the breathing and body sensations, feelings and needs.
The transport and exchange systems: respiratory and cardiovascular
Nick Draper, Helen Marshall in Exercise Physiology, 2014
The respiratory system supplies the oxygen required for cellular respiration. This refers to the use of oxygen by cells of the body to sustain life and results in the production of energy, water and carbon dioxide. Oxygen is the most important substance for sustaining life because of its role in respiration. It reaches the cells through three stages of ventilation or gas exchange. Pulmonary ventilation or breathing enables oxygen to enter the lungs and carbon dioxide to be expelled. Alveolar ventilationenables oxygen brought into the lungs via pulmonary ventilation to diffuse into the bloodstream and carbon dioxide to be exchanged. Once within the bloodstream, oxygen is transported to cells throughout the body. The final form of gas exchange, cellular ventilation, enables oxygen to diffuse across the plasma membrane and enter the cell for use within cellular respiration, and carbon dioxide to move from the tissue cells into the blood for eventual removal from the body by the lungs.
The effect of balance training intervention on postural stability in children with asthma
Published in Journal of Asthma, 2018
Zuzana Kováčiková, Katerina Neumannova, Jana Rydlova, Lucia Bizovská, Miroslav Janura
As expected, in children with intermittent asthma, ventilatory parameters reached more than 80% of the predicted values. Almost all values were higher after treatment in both groups, although significant improvements were confirmed only for VC and FEV1 in the experimental group. The effect of breathing retraining on ventilatory parameters in patients with asthma has been confirmed in some previous studies [37, 38]. On the other hand, Thomas et al. [39] confirmed the positive effect of breathing retraining on asthma-specific health status in adults with asthma, which was assessed using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and the Nijmegen Questionnaire for hyperventilation, but not on asthma pathophysiology. The reason for greater improvements in the experimental group may be associated with the performance of breathing exercises in more demanding positions. It is known that respiratory muscles are responsible not only for breathing but also for trunk stabilization and upper extremity movements [40, 41]. It is well documented that the breathing function of respiratory muscles has to be coordinated with the other non-respiratory functions of respiratory muscles [9]. Therefore, breathing retraining associated with proprioceptive balance training in more challenging positions may be beneficial for improving breathing patterns and for better co-activation of respiratory muscle fibers in different tasks.
Effects of mento-physical exercises on mental fatigue of shift work
Published in International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics, 2022
Vahideh Mohammadi Nezhad, Hamideh Razavi, Mahdi Mohammadi Nezhad
Mento-physical exercises were practiced during the inter-shift breaks after 7.5 h of continuous work. Based on the sport psychologist’s recommendations, the active rest protocol included deep breathing, isometric and isotonic exercises, and progressive relaxation for 30 min at the inter-shift break time, which is depicted in Figure 3. The duration of the exercise was taken from the World Health Organization guideline [44]. Relaxation aims to avoid the source of attention and focus on reducing the subject’s consciousness of tension in his/her mind and body. Deep breathing exercises increase oxygen intake and the release of carbon dioxide, which helps muscle and mental relaxation, accordingly. In total, exercise, relaxation and deep breathing reduce stress [45], consequently reducing stress-related mental and physical fatigue [46]. Breathing exercises included 12 deep controlled breathes, each set for 10 s.
Effectiveness of physiotherapy interventions on disease-specific and generic outcomes for individuals with cardiovascular diseases in India – a systematic review and Meta-analysis
Published in Physical Therapy Reviews, 2020
Raja Regan, Kesava Kovanur Sampath, Hemakumar Devan, Ashokan Arumugam
Physiological variables: One study assessed the effect of deep breathing exercises on physiological variables such as heart rate and blood pressure [28]. There was a significant reduction in diastolic blood pressure after two weeks of deep breathing exercise compared to the control group (d = 0.87) (Table 3). There was no significant effect on heart rate and systolic blood pressure compared to the control group but there was a significant effect after the deep breathing exercises for two weeks within the training group.VO2 Max and double product are the other physiological variables that were assessed in another study [23]. There were no significant differences in these outcomes after three months between the intervention (home exercise training) and control groups (usual care and general advice). However, there was a significant increase in the VO2 max after undergoing home exercise training for three months.
Related Knowledge Centers
- Carbon Dioxide
- Cellular Respiration
- Diffusion
- Gas Exchange
- Oxygen
- Lung
- Inhalation
- Circulatory System
- Internal Environment
- Pulmonary Alveolus