Using the MMPI-2-RF in Discriminating Between Malingering and Somatoform Disorder
Kyle Brauer Boone in Neuropsychological Evaluation of Somatoform and Other Functional Somatic Conditions, 2017
The somatoform disorders are characterized by the presence of medically unexplained symptoms that cause clinically significant distress or impairment in social or occupational functioning and are not under voluntary control (DSM-IV-TR; American Psychiatric Association [APA], 2000). Estimates of the prevalence of medically unexplained symptoms (MUS) in primary care have ranged as high as 52% (Nimnuan, Hotopf, & Wessely, 2001; Verhaak, Meijer, Visser, & Wolters, 2006). Swanson, Hamilton, and Feldman (2010) estimated the rate of MUS at 11%. Of those diagnosed with MUS, fewer than half who met the DSM criteria for a somatoform disorder were actually given the diagnosis. According to the DSM-IV-TR, the prevalence of the somatoform disorders ranges from < 0.2% to 2% for somatization disorder, 1% to 14% for Conversion Disorder, 10% to 15% for back pain–related Pain Disorder, and 1% to 7% for Hypochondriasis. A more recent study found a prevalence rate between 16.1% and 21.9% for somatoform disorders in general medical practice (de Waal, Arnold, Eekhof, & van Hemert, 2004).
Mental health in India II
Dinesh Bhugra, Samson Tse, Roger Ng, Nori Takei in Routledge Handbook of Psychiatry in Asia, 2015
In somatoform disorders, the presenting symptoms suggest a physical disorder, but there are no demonstrable organic findings from conventional bio-chemical and imaging studies, and there is often strong evidence for a link to psychological factors or conflicts. Very often, the users of clinical services are women from minority communities, though many studies suggest that distribution is not specific to one community. The presenting complaints are usually aches and pains, fatigue, tiredness and vague autonomic features.29,30 Most of the patients initially do not report any obvious psychosocial factor/s. What was a common denominator in all were that most women lived in an impoverished, restrictive, social environment, where complaining of somatic symptoms was acceptable, without any stigma. The presentation of physical complaints becomes the only means for these women to seek medical help, though the cause of their presentation is not usually a medical disorder.31,32
Fibromyalgia Syndrome: Canadian Clinical Working Case Definition, Diagnostic and Treatment Protocols–A Consensus Document
I. Jon Russell in The Fibromyalgia Syndrome: A Clinical Case Definition for Practitioners, 2020
Somatoform disorders: According to the DSM IV, Somatization Disorder must include four pain symptoms, two gastrointestional symptoms, one sexual symptom, and one pseudoneurological symptom, which cannot be explained by a general medical disorder. In addition, patients with Somatization Disorder usually have a long history of complaints beginning before age 30 whereas FMS generally has a discrete and often sudden onset and most commonly occurs between the ages of 35 and 50. The other somatoform disorders of Conversion Disorder, Pain Disorder, Hypochondriasis, Body Dysmorphic Disorder, and Undifferentiated Somatoform Disorder, also must be clearly unrelated to a general medical condition, or be the direct effects of substance abuse. The medical model of FMS shows numerous physiological abnormalities, which points to dysregulated pain physiology including CSF levels of substance P, abnormal cortisol levels, and those demonstrated by brain SPECT scans, etc. Somatization can only be diagnosed by excluding general medical conditions. The FMS and somatization disorders cannot both be diagnosed to explain the same set of symptoms in the same patient.
Development of the Body-Relatedness Observation Scale: A feasibility study
Published in Physiotherapy Theory and Practice, 2022
Hanneke Kalisvaart, Saskia van Broeckhuysen-Kloth, Jooske T. van Busschbach, Rinie Geenen
This study was conducted at a tertiary mental health center, specializing in the treatment of somatoform disorder and somatic symptom disorder. Patients admitted to this institution have had somatic symptoms on average for 10 years, have received about 5 previous treatments for somatoform disorder in primary or secondary care and have a comorbid mood, anxiety, or personality disorder in about half of the cases (Van der Boom and Houtveen, 2014). People referred to treatment for somatoform disorder completed self-report questionnaires and were assessed by a physical therapist as part of the diagnostic procedure. At the time of data collection in this study, somatoform disorder was diagnosed by trained psychologists according to DSM-IV-TR criteria (American Psychiatric Association, 2000) and confirmed by the resident medical doctor and psychiatrist.
Association between sleep patterns, somatization, and depressive symptoms among Russian university students
Published in Chronobiology International, 2023
Sofia Dokuka, Oxana Mikhaylova, Ekaterina Krekhovets
Our study fills this research gap. Herein, we report the results of an online survey conducted in October 2021 to examine sleep’s role in the mental and somatic health of first-year master’s and bachelor’s degree students (N = 267) at the Higher School of Economics (HSE) University in Moscow and Nizhny Novgorod, Russia, during the second year of the COVID-19 pandemic. In this paper, somatization is defined as the tendency to experience and communicate somatic distress in response to psychosocial stress. It is most often associated with depressive and anxiety disorders and constitutes the core of somatoform disorders. It is an important medical, social, and economic problem (Lipowski 1988). Our study aim was to determine whether students’ sleep duration, social jetlag, and chronotype were associated with somatic and depressive symptoms.
One-session cognitive behavior treatment for long-term frequent attenders in primary care: randomized controlled trial
Published in Scandinavian Journal of Primary Health Care, 2019
Sinikka Luutonen, Anne Santalahti, Mia Mäkinen, Tero Vahlberg, Päivi Rautava
Earlier, the effect of CBT interventions on attendance frequency and mental well-being has mainly been studied in patients with somatoform disorder or medically unexplained symptoms [11,12] or FAs with medically unexplained symptoms [13,14]. Sumathipala et al. [11] and Martin et al. [12] reported reduced attendance frequency and improved mental well-being, van Ravesteijn et al. [13] improved mental well-being and Baker et al. [14] reduced attendance frequency. In our study, only 13% of participants had a somatoform disorder. Possibly, FAs with somatoform disorders or medically unexplained symptoms are better candidates for CBT than FAs in general. To our knowledge, the study by Malins et al. [15] has been so far the only CBT study dealing with FAs without the inclusion criteria of somatoform disorders or medically unexplained symptoms. They showed a reduction in health care services and an improvement in mental health outcomes. However, they did not have a control group.
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