MRCPsych Paper A1 Mock Examination 4: Answers
Melvyn WB Zhang, Cyrus SH Ho, Roger Ho, Ian H Treasaden, Basant K Puri in Get Through, 2016
Explanation: Self-serving bias refers to the tendency to attribute our successes to internal, dispositional factors and failures to external, situational factors. In-group bias is the positive feelings towards people belonging to one’s in-group and negativity towards one’s out-group. Actor/observer bias refers to the tendency to attribute other people’s behaviour to internal, dispositional factors, and to use external, situational factors to explain our own. Hindsight bias is the tendency to see events as more predictable after the event has occurred. Fundamental attribution error is the tendency to overestimate the extent to which a person’s behaviour is due to internal, dispositional factors and to underestimate the role of external, situational factors.
Older men and women reflect on changes in sexual functioning in later life
Published in Sexual and Relationship Therapy, 2021
Liat Ayalon, Ateret Gewirtz-Meydan, Inbar Levkovich, Khaled Karkabi
The present study documents a gender pattern, with men being more likely to identify sexual changes in themselves and women corroborating this observation, as they too were more likely to notice sexual changes in their male partners. This pattern is consistent with past research, which has shown that men with erectile dysfunction or premature ejaculation are more likely to attribute sexual difficulties to themselves and undermine positive sexual experiences compared with men who had no functional difficulties (Rowland, Mikolajczyk, Pinkston, Reed, & Lo, 2016; Scepkowski et al., 2004). This pattern of self-blaming is in contrast to predictions made by the attribution theory, which argues for a self-serving bias, in which individuals are more likely to attribute positive experiences to themselves and negative ones to others or to circumstances (Kelley, 1967). Moreover, it is not only men who blame themselves, but also women too tend to attribute the difficulties to men, hence, potentially further strengthening a tendency to self-blame among men. This finding suggests that efforts to address negative attributions should address both partners.
Violence breeds violence: burnout as a mediator between patient violence and nurse violence
Published in International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics, 2019
Syed Harris Laeeque, Atif Bilal, Abdullah Hafeez, Zoia Khan
Fourth, this study might have achieved some of the results due to sampling biases like self-serving bias and attribution bias. For instance, nurses who behave violently in caregiving interactions might attribute their behavior to patients, stating that violent and aggressive conduct of patients brings them psychological trauma and emotional fatigue. Alternatively, nurses might hold the supervisor or management responsible, attributing their abusive behavior to work conditions and job demands. Future research should control the effects of these sorts of bias in order to achieve more reliable, objective and actionable results.
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