Health, identity and relationships
Paul Thomas in Collaborating for Health, 2017
Alastair MacIntyre presents a theory that helps to see health as a coherent and positive life story. He calls it 'narrative unity'. Erik Erikson was a developmental psychologist and psychoanalyst known for his theory on psychosocial development of human beings. He coined the term identity crisis . His research with troubled children led him to propose eight life stages. Erikson's eight life stages are: infancy; early childhood; preschool; school age; adolescence; young adulthood; middle adulthood; and maturity. The chapter describes a need to repeatedly move between different ways of thinking, seeing and behaving to incrementally transform themselves and one's relationships. When relationships become functional arrangements, the spark goes out of them. Relationships grow through new adventures. They need physical contact, whether the intimacy of lovers, the hug of a friend or a formal handshake.
Professional speak and child talk
Terence Stephenson in Listening to Children and Young People in Healthcare Consultations, 2018
This chapter reviews the approaches taken to communicating with children and young people by a range of education, health and social care professionals. The chapter does not cover medical communication as this is covered elsewhere in this book ( Chapters 3 , 4 and 5 ). Evidence from a range of different disciplines will be outlined using the psychosocial development model of Erikson, so that the skills of a particular profession can be related to the developmental stage of the child. 1 The chapter takes a primary care perspective and considers the following disciplines: nursing: midwife, health visitor, school nurse and practice nurse nursery nurse speech and language therapy social work school counsellor teacher.
Piaget’s Stages of Cognitive Development and Erikson’s Stages of Psychosocial Development
Cathy Laver-Bradbury, Margaret J.J. Thompson, Christopher Gale, Christine M. Hooper in Child and Adolescent Mental Health, 2021
Jean Piaget (1896–1980) was an influential researcher in the field of developmental psychology. He believed that what distinguished human beings from other animal species was ‘abstract symbolic reasoning’. He was part of a group of writers whose literature formed the basis of the constructivist theory of learning and instruction. He noticed that younger children thought differently from older children. Erik Erikson (1902–1994) was a developmental psychologist and psychoanalyst who believed that personality develops in a series of stages of psychosocial development, the experience of social experience over the whole life span. One of the main elements of Erikson’s psychosocial stage theory is the development of ego identity. Ego identity is the conscious sense of self that we develop through social interaction. Erikson suggests that our ego identity is constantly changing due to new experiences and information we acquire in our daily interactions with others, with each new experience developing or hindering the development. This will continue throughout life.
Group therapy for early adolescent relationship problems between girls
Published in International Journal of Adolescence and Youth, 2019
Adolescence is a process rather than a specific period in an individual’s life. The focus in this study, however, was on early adolescence (11–14 years of age) and not on adolescence as a whole process. This study focused in particular on early adolescent girls, their psychosocial development and possible relationship problems. Early adolescent girls often display imbalances due to hormonal changes that in turn cause emotional reactions in especially relationships within the peer group. The researchers used semi-structured interviews in a qualitative study to deduce what kind of relationship problems seven early adolescents experienced within their peer group and how they handled the problems. Group therapy was used as therapeutic intervention, because it is often successful for interpersonal and intrapersonal psychological problems. The findings of the empirical study concurred with the above notion, as well as with findings from the literature review.
Controversies and advances in the management of congenital ptosis
Published in Expert Review of Ophthalmology, 2015
Ali Mokhtarzadeh, Andrew R Harrison
The management issues associated with pediatric ptosis begin with determining the etiology of the ptosis, and considering how the eyelid position affects the child’s visual and psychosocial development. These ultimately determine if and when surgical management should be undertaken. Surgical challenges include the lack of intraoperative feedback regarding the dynamic eyelid height and contour under general anesthesia. When the eyelid elevators do not function or if there is little drive to lift the involved eyelid, obtaining good surgical outcomes can be extremely challenging. A plethora of surgical techniques and materials have been developed, each with their own benefits and drawbacks. Careful preoperative evaluation, planning and counseling can usually result in satisfactory surgical results with happy parents and patients. Families should always be aware that the child will need to be followed long term for visual development, ocular health, and they need to be counseled regarding the possibility of revision surgery.
Dealing with disclosure: Perspectives from HIV-positive children and their older carers living in rural south-western Uganda
Published in African Journal of AIDS Research, 2016
Esther Dusabe-Richards, Rwamahe Rutakumwa, Flavia Zalwango, Allen Asiimwe, Elvis Kintu, Fatuma Ssembajja, Janet Seeley
There are limited data on the challenges faced by carers, in particular older carers, in managing the difficult task of status disclosure for HIV-positive children. We report findings from qualitative interviews with 18 care dyads of older people and HIV-positive children living in rural south-western Uganda. Our data provide insights into perceptions and norms influencing communication during and following disclosure among both carers and children, including those shaped by gendered expectations of girls’ and boys’ sexual behaviour. Young participants reported several advantages of knowing their status and showed considerable resilience in the face of HIV disclosure. Better and more support is needed to help health workers and carers (particularly older carers) manage cross-generational communication around HIV disclosure and other related aspects of sexual and reproductive health as critical aspects of children’s psychosocial development and well-being.
Related Knowledge Centers
- Child Development
- Developmental Psychology
- Developmental Stage Theories
- Motor Skills