Common psychological issues in gastrointestinal conditions
Simon R. Knowles, Laurie Keefer, Antonina A. Mikocka-Walus in Psychogastroenterology for Adults, 2019
Based on the work of Lazarus and Folkman [53], coping patterns have commonly been differentiated into either “adaptive” strategies called “problem-focused coping”, or “maladaptive” or “avoidant” strategies termed “emotion-focused coping”. Problem-focused coping can be defined as an adaptive mode of coping that involves actively planning or engaging in a specific behaviour to overcome a problem that causes distress. Alternatively, emotion-focused coping involves attempts to regulate the emotions that occur in response to a stressful event and can be considered active or avoidant [54]. Emotion-focused coping may involve the use of behavioural and/or cognitive strategies such as receiving emotional support from friends and family and positive reframing [55]. While this simplistic dichotomy of coping patterns has been popularised and supported by the research literature, it is not without criticism. For example, adaptive coping can include both problem-focused (engaging in a specific behaviour to overcome a problem) and emotion-focused (e.g., seeking emotional support) strategies and be differentiated from maladaptive coping (e.g., venting, blaming others) [56]. For more details regarding the ways in which coping has been defined and measured, readers are recommended to consult other sources [57, 58].
Performance-shaping factors
Rhona Flin, George G. Youngson, Steven Yule in Enhancing Surgical Performance, 2015
Several types of coping have been identified.18 The following are of particular relevance: Problem-focused coping, which is actively altering the external person–environment relationship. Problem-focused coping is when the individual focuses attention on situation-specific objectives and allows a sense of mastery and control in working towards attaining that particular goal. Strategies include gathering more information or evaluating the pros and cons of options. Emotion-focused coping, which is altering the personal meaning of or how the person feels about the problem. This type of coping involves positive reappraisal, which involves cognitively reframing typically difficult thoughts in a positive manner. Strategies include self-control, seeking support and minimizing emotional response.
Coping with rheumatoid arthritis
Stanton Newman, Ray Fitzpatrick, Tracey A. Revenson, Suzanne Skevington, Gareth Williams in Understanding Rheumatoid Arthritis, 2005
The recent approaches to coping, originating with the transactional model (Lazarus and Folkman, 1984) have been dominated by the distinction between emotion-focused and problem-focused modes of coping. Problem-focused coping involves engaging in cognitions and behaviours to change the environment and thus reduce the impact of the stressful situation. Emotion-focused coping involves dealing with the emotional consequences of the stressful situation by either changing the way one attends to the stressful environment or altering the meaning of what is happening to mitigate the stress (Lazarus, 1993). The measurement of coping using the WOC scale enshrined this distinction, and because of its domination of the coping literature in the 1980s, the distinction has been adopted by others in developing self-report coping instruments (Billings and Moos, 1984; Carver et al., 1989; Parker and Endler, 1992).
Correlates of Homophobic Attitudes in Lebanon: Results of a Cross-Sectional Study
Published in Journal of Homosexuality, 2020
Sahar Obeid, Chadia Haddad, Wael Salame, Nelly Kheir, Souheil Hallit
Based on our findings, coping strategies, namely problem-focused engagement, is negatively correlated with homophobic scores. Being extremely concerned with the judgment of others due to moral values, cultural norms, or societal beliefs regarding attitudes toward gays and lesbians may also be one reason for homophobic attitudes (Bergeron, Blais, & Hébert, 2015). Problem-focused coping involves active planning and engagement in specific behaviors that attempt to overcome the problem that causes distress and may include strategies such as assessing the pros and cons or implementing the steps to solve a problem, which has generally been considered adaptive and protective (Folkman & Lazarus, 1985). In contrast, emotion-focused coping strategies that involve the regulation of emotional distress may include both active (i.e., adaptive) or avoidant (i.e., maladaptive) behaviors (Holahan, Moos, Holahan, Brennan, & Schutte, 2005).
Resilience for the Rocky Road: Lessons Learned from an Educational Program for First Year Collegiate Student-Athletes
Published in Journal of Sport Psychology in Action, 2021
Scott Pierce, Eric Martin, Kelly Rossetto, Liam O’Neil
One especially critical factor in how student-athletes manage stress effectively is their method of coping. Stress is inevitable in the life of a college student and failure to cope effectively with stress may lead to short- (e.g., exam pressure) and long-term issues (e.g., future occupation; Chang, 2006). The most common coping models distinguish between problem-focused and emotion-focused coping strategies. Problem-focused coping refers to efforts that identify and solve a problem while emotion-focused coping has been shown to be effective when the problem cannot be modified (Lazarus & Folkman, 1984). This program was designed to teach both problem-focused and emotion-focused coping strategies to help student-athletes learn to adapt their appraisal of pressure to deal with harm, threats, and challenges and support resilience development. (Fletcher & Sarkar, 2016). In this workshop (see Table 1), student-athletes were presented with a mini-lecture to understand stress and problem-focused and emotion-focused coping skills, applied this content through activities to identify their coping skill preferences and apply coping skills across domains, and created plans to practice and implement effective coping skills.
Stress, Coping, Resilience and Trust during the Flint Water Crisis
Published in Behavioral Medicine, 2020
Joanne Sobeck, Joanne Smith-Darden, Megan Hicks, Poco Kernsmith, Paul E. Kilgore, Lara Treemore-Spears, Shawn McElmurry
According to the Transactional Model developed by Lazarus and Folkman,52 coping efforts are conceptualized along two dimensions: (1) problem management and (2) emotional regulation. Also referred to as problem-focused coping, problem-management strategies are directed at changing the stressful situation. Examples of problem-focused coping include active coping, problem solving, and information seeking. By contrast, emotion-focused coping efforts are directed at changing the way one thinks or feels about a stressful situation. These strategies include seeking social support and venting feelings, as well as avoidance, and denial. The model predicts that problem-focused coping strategies will be most adaptive for stressors that are changeable, whereas emotion-focused strategies are most adaptive when the stressor is unchangeable or when this strategy is used in conjunction with problem-focused coping strategies.
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