Fear and Panic
Robert S. Holzman in Anesthesia and the Classics, 2022
The terrified target of the imposed fear needs to keep in mind that for the inflictor of fear, what is being gained from producing such fear is more than what he/she would gain from not producing the fear – or so it is thought. This is the true meaning of the backwards stare of Phobos. The perpetrator of the fear may be more afraid of failure than the victim. Then, this becomes the victim’s most effective and best strategy. The price to be paid if the victim of fear and terror does not employ this strategy may be the avoidance of such situations and the eclipsing of long-term experience into a narrow window of recent belittling and intimidation. “Fear leads to anger … anger leads to hate … hate leads to suffering.”† If occurring during medical care, the current patient as well as future patients may pay a price as well.
Epilogue
Paul Pumpens in Single-Stranded RNA Phages, 2020
The persistent role of the RNA phages in the ecological field of science and practice should be highlighted. The systematic modeling of the behavior of different viruses, including RNA phages, in media filtration and flocculation is highly encouraging (Baltus et al. 2017). The marked contribution to ecology is confirmed by the generation of nanostructured electrochemical biosensors capable of the label-free detection of water- and foodborne pathogens including the RNA phages (Ertürk and Lood 2018; Reta et al. 2018). It is noteworthy that the phage MS2 remains as a permanent member of laboratory tests, modeling and statistical evaluation by the search of extraterrestrial life. Thus, the phage MS2 was used in the program elaborated for the transfer of unsterilized material from Mars to Phobos (Patel et al 2019).
Imagery and the Treatment of Phobic Disorders
Anees A. Sheikh in Imagination and Healing, 2019
Errera provides a historical perspective, noting that the term phobia is derived from the name of the Greek god, Phobos, who had the ability to terrorize the enemy [8]. Nearly 2,000 years ago, Celsus first used the term “hydrophobia” to describe the primary symptoms of rabies. In Western Europe, until the seventeenth century, the treatment of phobias, regarded either as demonphobias, or theophobias, was relegated exclusively to theologians and philosophers. It was not until 1801 that the word phobia appeared as a generic term in the psychiatric literature. From that point forward, voluminous amounts of material documenting a wide spectrum of unreasonable fears have accumulated. Most of the early descriptions of patients’ symptoms, the frequency of their occurrence, and the nature of the fears are consonant with today’s clinical observations. The American Psychiatric Association estimates that 2 to 4 percent of the population has, at some time, been subject to an anxiety disorder [9]. According to the DSM III, phobic disorders fall into one of three major categories.
Shades of Homophobia: A Framework for Analyzing Negative Attitudes Toward Homosexuality
Published in Journal of Homosexuality, 2021
Another subject of contention around homophobia relates to the very definition of the concept as viewed from a linguistic perspective and from a causality standpoint. From the linguistic perspective, the prefix, “homo” which has both Greek and Latin origins raises a question of gender applicability. Herek (2004, p. 9) characterizes homophobia as “ambiguous” on grounds that definitions that follow the Greek interpretation of homo as “sameness” apply the term to both male and female same-sex relationships while others that follow the Latin interpretation of homo as “man” use homophobia with strict reference to the masculine gender. The suffix as Herek (2004) further notes originates from the Greek term, “phobos” which means fear. Although the suffix is not afflicted with the linguistic ambiguity that characterizes the prefix, its meaning raises the even more controversial question of whether negative attitudes toward homosexuality are caused exclusively by fear.
Related Knowledge Centers
- Phobia
- Fear
- Panic