Agitation and Psychosis
Marc E. Agronin in Alzheimer's Disease and Other Dementias, 2014
In terms of more specific behavioral approaches, there are two levels of intervention. The first strategies are employed in the moment, often involving a single caregiver at a time for implementation, and are aimed at immediate reduction of the intensity and frequency of the behavioral disturbance. Several of these strategies are listed in Table 9.2. More in-depth behavioral approaches can be based on principles of applied behavior analysis (ABA) therapy, which is commonly used for children and adolescents with behavioral disturbances associated with pervasive developmental disorders.
Offenders with intellectual disabilities
John C. Gunn, Pamela J. Taylor in Forensic Psychiatry, 2014
For further reading about management of mental illness, and in particular the drug treatment of mental illness in the context of intellectual disability, see O’Brien (2002a), and for further notes on the management of pervasive developmental disorders in this context of younger offenders with intellectual disability see O’Brien and Bell (2004).
Immunosuppressants, rheumatic and gastrointestinal topics
Evelyne Jacqz-Aigrain, Imti Choonara in Paediatric Clinical Pharmacology, 2021
Pervasive developmental disorders (PDDs), including autism and Asperger’s syndrome are neurodevelopmental disorders characterised by social impairments, communication abnormalities, restricted interests and repetitive behaviours, Its most severe form, autism, has a prevalence rate of 20 per 10 000.
Validation of the Italian version of the clinician affective reactivity index (CL-ARI)
Published in Nordic Journal of Psychiatry, 2023
Valerio Zaccaria, Susanna Maggi, Alessia Bof, Marco Tofani, Giovanni Galeoto, Ignazio Ardizzone
The research group recruited the participant sample during the period from April 2021 to February 2022 from inpatient and outpatient services of the Child Neuropsychiatry Unit of the Department of Human Neurosciences of Sapienza University of Rome. This convenience sample met the following inclusion criteria: (a) aged between 7 and 17 years, (b) having a diagnosis of Dysthymia/Depression Disorder (DD)/DMDD, anxiety disorders, (Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Oppositional Defiant Disorder/Conduct Disorder (ODD/CD), any combination of them, or no diagnosis, according to the DSM-5 criteria. Diagnoses were assessed through a psychodiagnostic evaluation carried out by two independent mental health workers (child psychiatrists or psychologists) which administered tests and had interviews with children and their parents/caregivers. More than a diagnosis was possible. Exclusion criteria were: (a) diagnosis of schizophrenia, schizophreniform disorder, or schizoaffective illness, (b) diagnosis of pervasive developmental disorder, (c) an IQ below 70 as assessed by the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children 4th edition (WISC IV) [16]. Recruitment strategies included face-to-face meetings with children and families and the use of explicative brochures to explain the research study purposes and data management strategies. To estimate the sample size, we referred to the only validation study of the CL-ARI conducted on 98 children.
Review of cluster analysis of phenotypic data in Autism Spectrum Disorders: distinct subtypes or a severity gradient model?
Published in International Journal of Developmental Disabilities, 2020
Christine K. Syriopoulou- Delli, Elpis Papaefstathiou
Additional problems regarding definition are related to changes in the diagnostic criteria. In previous editions of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), and specifically DSM-III, DSM-III-R, DSM-IV and DSM-IV-TR, (Waterhouse et al. 1992; American Psychiatric Association 2000), the category pervasive developmental disorders (PDD) included various different diagnostic subgroups, such as autism, Asperger’s syndrome and pervasive developmental disorder-not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS). According to the most recent edition, DSM-5(American Psychiatric Association 2013), the currently used term ASD is characterized by two core dimensions, namely social reciprocity and restricted or stereotyped behaviours or interests, which vary in quality, quantity and severity in each individual. Because poor reliability was reported in how subtypes were assigned to each individual, DSM-5 removed the earlier different diagnostic subcategories (Grzadzinski et al. 2013). Diagnosis according to subtypes may have appeared to be clearer in the categorical system, as in the previous DSM editions, the emphasis was given on the different diagnostic subgroups separately, but it impeded emphasis on the heterogeneity of ASD because in the DSM-5 there is only one spectrum where the wide range of phenotypic variation of individuals makes a very heterogeneous clinical entity. For this reason, the term ASD is used as an umbrella to cover all the previous diagnostic categories (American Psychiatric Association 2000).
Intervention research addressing environmental risk threatening young children with disabilities in developing countries: a systematic review
Published in Disability and Rehabilitation, 2019
Indra Yohanes Kiling, Clemence Due, Cameron Gyss, Dominggus Elcid Li, Deborah Turnbull
A previous systematic review focusing on children of all ages found only four studies evaluating an intervention for children with pervasive developmental disorders in developing countries [10]. The current systematic review aims to build on that by considering young children specifically. While various early intervention programs exist, the majority of these have been developed in high income, predominately Western countries, and take into account environmental risk factors only generally. Examples include a meta-analysis from the United States (US), the United Kingdom (UK) and Australia highlighting intensive interventions for parental implementation [11]. Similarly a review of family-centred approaches indicated that while such services are increasingly common, no mention is made about the potential impact of culture or country of origin. This lack of attention to children with disabilities living in developing countries is also seen in a number of other meta-analyses and systematic reviews [12–14].
Related Knowledge Centers
- Asperger Syndrome
- Autism Spectrum
- Childhood Disintegrative Disorder
- Diagnostic & Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
- International Classification of Diseases
- Rett Syndrome
- Socialization
- Specific Developmental Disorder
- Mental Disorder
- Diagnostic & Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
- International Classification of Diseases
- Pervasive Developmental Disorder Not Otherwise Specified