Latent State-Trait Models
Jason T. Newsom in Longitudinal Structural Equation Modeling, 2015
Many disciplines make useful distinctions between consistent, stable aspects of a variable and more temporally changing aspects. Within personality psychology, for example, the hypothesized trait of neuroticism tends to show high levels of stability over years (Costa & McCrae, 1988), and may be distinguishable from more temporary fluctuations in moods or emotions that occur on a daily, weekly, or monthly basis.1 Within economics, fundamental trends in the economy are distinguished from seasonal changes in employment (Kropf & Hudson, 2012). In political science, ideological undercurrents are distinguished from popular political trends (Adams, Clark, Ezrow, & Glasgow, 2004). In sociology, distinctions are made between institutional stability and external stresses on social systems (Mahoney & Thelen, 2010).
Applying Cognitive-Affective Processing System (CAPS) Theory to Cultural Differences in Social Behavior
Walter J. Lonner, Dale L. Dinnel, Deborah K. Forgays, Susanna A. Hayes in Merging Past, Present, and Future in Cross-Cultural Psychology, 2020
Despite the intuitive appeal of the culture and personality approach, however, by the 1970’s the field faced the task of reconciling its basic theoretical assumptions with two emerging lines of empirical evidence (see Bruner, 1974). The first is that there is large within-group variability in behavior in any given culture (Kaplan, 1954; Minturn & Lambert, 1964). The second, stemming from the field of personality psychology itself, is that cross-situational consistency in behavior for any given individual is typically quite low (Mischel, 1968; Shweder, 1991). The “Appolonian” pueblos, for example, have been documented to at times engage in typically Dionysian behavior, as well as vice versa (Barnouw, 1973). The challenge remains of how to understand cultural differences in social behavior while still recognizing within group inter- and intra-individual variability in such behavior.
Assessing Personality Change: Introduction to the Special Section
Published in Journal of Personality Assessment, 2022
Christopher J. Hopwood, Wiebke Bleidorn, Johannes Zimmermann
These snapshots of the contemporary literature suggest that, although there has been a recent trend toward the reintegration of basic and clinical personality psychology, personality psychologists from both clinical and basic traditions seem to view assessment and personality change as relatively separate domains. Some personality researchers focus on validating and evaluating assessment tools, whereas others focus on using those tools to figure out if, when, how, and how much personalities change. Our view is that the separation of these two domains is a barrier to progress. In a world in which personality is understood as a collection of dynamic constructs rather than a set of essentially stable characteristics, establishing the validity of a personality assessment tool should require an account of its sensitivity to dynamic factors. Conversely, researchers interested in the increasingly popular topic of personality change should be compelled to establish the reliability and validity of their tools with respect to the questions they are asking (Hopwood et al., 2021).
The Meaningfulness of Grandiose and Vulnerable Narcissism in Forensic Mental Health Rehabilitation Practice: A Systematic Review
Published in International Journal of Forensic Mental Health, 2021
Lobke H. Keune, Vivienne de Vogel, Mara Eisenberg, Hjalmar J. C. van Marle
In the field of social/personality psychology that is based on personality theories and empirical research on personality traits, the focus is on personality models. Narcissism is considered a multidimensional personality construct that consists of two distinct dimensions: grandiose narcissism and vulnerable narcissism (Wink, 1991). They share a core of personality traits (i.e. antagonism) (Crowe et al., 2019; Miller et al., 2017). Empirical research has shown that both dimensions have a unique trait profile (i.e. antagonism in combination with agentic extraversion for the grandiose dimension, and antagonism in combination with neuroticism for the vulnerable dimension). Consequently, two distinct types of narcissistic personalities are distinguished in this view. This is further substantiated by empirical research showing two different nomological networks for both types in relation to etiological pathways, self-esteem, and other interpersonal correlates (see Crowe et al. (in press) for a brief overview) that are not necessarily endorsed in the clinical view. For example, in the clinical view, it is supposed that the etiology of both grandiose and vulnerable narcissism qualities is similar and resides in a neglectful, cold, abusive upbringing (Kernberg, 1975; Kohut, 1977). Nevertheless, from the perspective of social/personality psychology, two different etiological pathways are considered for both narcissism dimensions. The aforementioned cold parenting style is more often associated with the vulnerable dimension, and parental overvaluation is associated with the grandiose dimension (e.g. Thomaes & Brummelman, 2018).
Becoming a self through occupation: Occupation as a source of self-continuity in identity formation
Published in Journal of Occupational Science, 2021
My theoretical lens in this paper is comprised primarily of theories rooted in psychodynamic theory, developmental/personality psychology, and narrative theory. Psychodynamic theory and personality psychology have received scarce attention in occupational science literature, which may be attributed to the ongoing debate about its applicability to non-western cultures. Nevertheless, these theories allowed for an exploration of the relationship between occupation and identity beyond the experimental level. As a consequence of my choice of theoretical lens, I have not expounded upon the impact of culture and how discourses and shared beliefs scaffold or restrain identity formation. Nevertheless, it is, of course, essential to recognize that each culture or sub-culture has its own unique repertoire of available occupational forms or categories, which can be engaged and inhabited in personal ways (Nelson, 1988).
Related Knowledge Centers
- Cognition
- Emotion
- Motivation
- Personality
- Psychology
- Nature
- Thought
- Adjustment
- Self-Concept
- Value