Principles of treatment for the mentally disordered offender
John C. Gunn, Pamela J. Taylor in Forensic Psychiatry, 2014
Psychodynamic psychotherapy also stresses the importance of early development in influencing adult relationships and interpersonal interactions. Genetic factors, the early environment and the interaction between them contribute to shaping personality. These repeated interactions lead to the development of internal representations of ourselves and others, often referred to as self- and object-relations. These representations act as templates directing interpersonal interactions in adulthood. A key concept in psychoanalytic theory is that these internal representations may diverge, to a greater or lesser extent, from the real external person on whom the representation is based. Those individuals who have had the good fortune of a robust genetic inheritance, coupled with a loving and secure upbringing, may still have internalized parental representations that are experienced as critical of the individual.
Halogenated insecticides
Bev-Lorraine True, Robert H. Dreisbach in Dreisbach’s HANDBOOK of POISONING, 2001
Effects of exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzodioxin (TCDD, dioxin) include a burning sensation in the eyes, nose, and throat followed by headache, dizziness, and nausea and vomiting. One to several days later, itching, redness, and swelling of the face that is more marked over the eyelids, nose, and lips develop. Within weeks, nodules as well as pustules appear on the face, forearms, shoulders, neck, and trunk, progressing to comedones and cysts. Acneiform eruptions appear after a month or more, and the skin becomes hyperpigmented. At the same time, aching muscles – mainly in the thighs and chest – are evident. The muscle pain is aggravated by exertion. Insomnia, extreme irritability, and loss of libido also occur. There may also be neuromuscular symptoms of weakness and pain with nerve conduction abnormalities. Porphyria cutanea tarda, hepatic dysfunction, hyperlipidemia, hirsutism, chronic eye irritation, emotional disorders, and neuropsychiatric syndromes have been observed. Personality changes may persist for years.
Module 6: Promoting career development
Ruth Chambers in Survival Skills for GPs, 2018
There are many varieties of personality profile questionnaires. Two of the best known are the Myers Briggs type indicator,6 which measures four bipolar dimensions of personality, and the 16PF questionnaire, which assesses 16 personality factors. In one Return to General Practice course for GP non-principals, most of the participants rated the workshop session where they received feedback on their Myers Briggs scores one of the best of the year’s course. For many, becoming more aware of their personal preferences and styles meant that they gained confidence and pride in their own characteristics, rather than seeking to conform to a medical stereotype. Many thought that understanding themselves better would help them find practices where they were more likely to be compatible with the GP partners and practice character.
Personality and Sexual Orientation: New Data and Meta-analysis
Published in The Journal of Sex Research, 2020
Mark S. Allen, Davina A. Robson
Personality refers to the characteristic manner in which people feel, think and behave. The most commonly adopted framework of personality trait structure is the five-factor model (Digman, 1990; McCrae & John, 1992). This model considers that five overarching trait dimensions subsume a number of more specific trait facets (Costa & McCrae, 2017; Soto & John, 2017). The dimensions are neuroticism (the degree to which individuals are prone to emotional instability), extraversion (the quantity and intensity of interpersonal interactions), openness (individuals’ tendency to seek out novel experiences), agreeableness (individuals’ concern for cooperation and social harmony), and conscientiousness (that captures organization and goal-directed behavior). This personality structure has been observed in adolescent and adult samples (Caspi et al., 2005) and across a variety of languages and cultures (Allik et al., 2017). Personality is susceptible to change over the lifespan (Damian et al., 2019; Roberts et al., 2006) and how people score on assessments of trait dimensions predicts life outcomes such as academic and occupational success, depression, cardiovascular conditions, subjective well-being, and sexual and reproductive health (Allen & Walter, 2018a; Bogg & Roberts, 2004; Kotov et al., 2010; Poropat, 2009; Steel et al., 2008).
Professional Practice Guidelines for Personality Assessment
Published in Journal of Personality Assessment, 2022
Radhika Krishnamurthy, Giselle A. Hass, Adam P. Natoli, Bruce L. Smith, Paul A. Arbisi, Emily D. Gottfried
The term “personality” refers to stable characteristics of individuals that reflect predilections to behave, feel, think, and interact in certain ways, and enable identification of individual differences (Beutler et al., 2011). Personality assessment encompasses the measurement of personality traits, which are long-standing, as well as states, which are fluid and changing. It addresses affective, cognitive, and behavioral functioning, self-image and interpersonal characteristics, and characteristic styles and capacity for coping to life circumstances including adverse events. Personality assessment involves the use of tests and methods, inclusive of interviews, observations, self-report inventories, performance-based methods, collateral reports, and review of records to evaluate the full spectrum of human characteristics and functional capacities. While personality testing refers specifically to the application of tests with use of standardized administration and scoring procedures and standard interpretive guidelines, personality assessment is a broader term referring to the process of incorporating and integrating information from multiple sources to generate a comprehensive, contextual understanding of the individual and develop conclusions and recommendations (see Krishnamurthy & Meyer, 2016; Meyer et al., 2001; Weiner & Greene, 2007). Our definition of personality assessment, thus, does not refer to symptom screening, such as the exclusive use of brief checklists. Personality assessment extends to the development of a written report of findings and provision of feedback.
The Meaningfulness of Grandiose and Vulnerable Narcissism in Forensic Mental Health Rehabilitation Practice: A Systematic Review
Published in International Journal of Forensic Mental Health, 2021
Lobke H. Keune, Vivienne de Vogel, Mara Eisenberg, Hjalmar J. C. van Marle
In the field of social/personality psychology that is based on personality theories and empirical research on personality traits, the focus is on personality models. Narcissism is considered a multidimensional personality construct that consists of two distinct dimensions: grandiose narcissism and vulnerable narcissism (Wink, 1991). They share a core of personality traits (i.e. antagonism) (Crowe et al., 2019; Miller et al., 2017). Empirical research has shown that both dimensions have a unique trait profile (i.e. antagonism in combination with agentic extraversion for the grandiose dimension, and antagonism in combination with neuroticism for the vulnerable dimension). Consequently, two distinct types of narcissistic personalities are distinguished in this view. This is further substantiated by empirical research showing two different nomological networks for both types in relation to etiological pathways, self-esteem, and other interpersonal correlates (see Crowe et al. (in press) for a brief overview) that are not necessarily endorsed in the clinical view. For example, in the clinical view, it is supposed that the etiology of both grandiose and vulnerable narcissism qualities is similar and resides in a neglectful, cold, abusive upbringing (Kernberg, 1975; Kohut, 1977). Nevertheless, from the perspective of social/personality psychology, two different etiological pathways are considered for both narcissism dimensions. The aforementioned cold parenting style is more often associated with the vulnerable dimension, and parental overvaluation is associated with the grandiose dimension (e.g. Thomaes & Brummelman, 2018).
Related Knowledge Centers
- Big Five Personality Traits
- Cognition
- Emotion
- Motivation
- Rorschach Test
- Psychology
- Habit
- Personality Psychology
- Objective Test
- Neurotic Personality Questionnaire Kon-2006