The Impact of Technology on Mental Health
Bahman Zohuri, Patrick J. McDaniel in Electrical Brain Stimulation for the Treatment of Neurological Disorders, 2019
Mental health refers to our cognitive, behavioral, and emotional wellbeing–it is all about how we think, feel, and behave. The term ‘mental health’ is sometimes used to mean an absence of a mental disorder. Neurological disorders with symptoms such as chronic pain, depression, and insomnia are widespread. Very weak electric fields applied through the skull can enhance or diminish neural activity and modulate brain waves in order to treat many of these common medical problems. This approach is to be contrasted with well-established pharmacological methods or more recent invasive electrical deep brain stimulation (DBS) techniques that require surgery to insert electrodes deep into the brain. We claim that non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) will provide new treatment methods with much greater simplicity, lower cost, improved safety and in some cases, possibly greater effectiveness.
Substance Use Disorder, Intentional Self-Harm, Gun Violence, and HIV/AIDS
Amy J. Litterini, Christopher M. Wilson in Physical Activity and Rehabilitation in Life-threatening Illness, 2021
There is a high prevalence of comorbidity between SUD and mental illness. Mental health disorders include a wide range of diagnoses that affect mood, thinking, and behavior, such as generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Other mental disorders that have been correlated with SUD include depression, psychotic illness, borderline personality disorder, and antisocial personality disorder.12 Serious mental illnesses (SMI), including major depression, schizophrenia, and bipolar disorder, are also correlated with SUD. In 2017, there were an estimated 46.6 million US adults who suffered from any mental illness (AMI), while 11.2 million had SMI.1 Adults diagnosed with mental illness disorders are approximately twice as likely to suffer from SUD. Likewise, for adolescents, those with a history of major depressive episodes (MDE) are twice as likely to experience SUD when compared to their age match counterparts.1
Mental health during pregnancy and early parenthood
Mary Steen, Michael Thomas in Mental Health Across the Lifespan, 2015
Eating disorders (ED) can affect the health and well-being of some pregnant women and new mothers. An eating disorder is a complex compulsion to eat in a way which disturbs physical, social, emotional and psychological health (NICE 2004). See the Glossary of mental health terms for a description of common types of eating disorders. Eating disorders appear to be more common in young women, and dysfunctional eating behaviours if not recognised and treated can develop into an addiction (Wolfe 2005). There is often a history of psycho-social problems and some form of abuse within the young woman’s life (Little and Lowkes 2000). Mitchell and Bulik (2006) have highlighted that women living with an eating disorder are at risk of their dysfunctional eating behaviour exacerbating during pregnancy and after giving birth. In addition, those women who have previously experienced such disorders may be at risk of a recurrence during pregnancy because of significant issues around change in body image, weight gain and major life transition.
Athlete and Nonathlete Intentions to Self-Manage Mental Health: Applying the Integrated Behavior Change Model to the State of Mind Program
Published in Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 2021
Gavin Breslin, Stephen Shannon, Tandy Haughey, Nyasha Sarju, Drew Neill, Gerard Leavey, Martin Lawlor
Mental health encompasses psychological, social, and emotional well-being whereby individuals can realize their potential, work productively, cope with life stressors, and contribute to their community (Keyes, 2005; World Health Organization, 2014). In the United Kingdom, between 17% (Macaskill, 2013) and 27% (YouGov, 2016) of university students report a mental health issue. Moreover, recent research in Northern Ireland indicated that one fifth of students with a mean age of 21 years experience depression or anxiety during a 12-month period, with female students consistently reporting higher mental health concerns than male and female students being more likely to be mental health service users (McLafferty et al., 2017; O’Neill et al., 2018; Thornley, 2017). Researchers have revealed student-athletes and nonathletes show similar mental health disorder prevalence (Sudano, Collins & Miles, 2017). However, student-athletes present a higher clinical and subclinical risk (Donohue et al., 2018; Moreland, Cox & Yang, 2018) during times of sport adversity (i.e., injury, transition, retirement) and intense competition compared to times when they are not experiencing adversity.
Validation and Cross-Cultural Adaptation of the Volitional Questionnaire in an Italian Population with Psychiatric Disorders: A Cross-Sectional Study
Published in Occupational Therapy In Health Care, 2020
Silvia Di Filippo, Annamaria Servadio, Paola Bellucci, Giovanni Fabbrini, Cinzia Niolu, Rita De Santis, Marco Tofani, Giovanni Galeoto
Mental health is an integral part of the World Health Organization’s (WHO’s) concept of health and well-being, and it refers to a state of emotional and psychological well-being that can be influenced by a range of cultural, socioeconomic, political and environmental factors . Therefore, good mental health allows an individual to realize himself or herself, work productively and contribute to the life of the community. Mental disorders include a wide range of problems with different symptoms. However, they are generally characterized by a combination of abnormal thoughts, emotions, behaviors and relationships with others. According to the WHO, the global burden of mental disorders has been constantly increasing in all of the countries in the world, causing major impacts on health as well as human, social and economic impacts (World Health Organization, 2017).
Gut microbes in neurocognitive and mental health disorders
Published in Annals of Medicine, 2020
Tyler Halverson, Kannayiram Alagiakrishnan
Psychiatric and neurocognitive mental health disorders contribute to the increase in all-cause morbidity burden, as measured by disability-adjusted life years (DALY) [1]. Mental health illnesses can range from psychotic conditions, like schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, to mood disorders, encompassing depression and anxiety. In the general population, schizophrenia affects 20 million people worldwide with a prevalence of 0.3–0.7%, while bipolar disorder has a prevalence of 1.8% affecting up to 45 million people [2,3]. Major depressive disorder (MDD) has a prevalence of around 7% affecting an estimated 264 million people and approximately 284 million people suffer from an anxiety disorder that have varying prevalence with obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) at 1.1–1.8% and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) at 0.5–1.0% [2,3]. With respect to neurocognitive disorders, an estimated 45 million people are afflicted with Alzheimer’s or other forms of dementia. The prevalence of dementia rises steeply with age from 5 to 10% (60–69 years) to 25% after age eighty [2,3]. As individuals age, there is an increase prevalence of these mental health conditions from 14.8% (55–59 years) to 28.9% (80–84 years). Depression was the most common disorder at 17.1%, followed by panic/anxiety (11.3%), and cognitive impairment (5.6%) in older adults [4,5]. Current medications do not fully address the complex challenges of managing the cognitive decline and mental illness and can also increase the safety risks. Recent evidence points out that the gut microbiota (GM) can affect the brain and play a role in these disorders [6,7].
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