The correlation of service quality and complaint handling with patient satisfaction
Elida Zairina, Junaidi Khotib, Chrismawan Ardianto, Syed Azhar Syed Sulaiman, Charles D. Sands, Timothy E. Welty in Unity in Diversity and the Standardisation of Clinical Pharmacy Services, 2017
In this study, the researchers employed a structured measurement using questionnaires. Health Service variable was measured using the Likert scale. Likert scale is used to measure attitudes, opinions, and perceptions of a person or group of people about social phenomena. Such social phenomena had been specified specifically by the researchers in the study, which later were called as research variables. The variables in Likert scale were measured and translated into variable indicators. Subsequently, the indicators were used as a starting point to prepare instrument items that could be in the form of statements or questions. The answer of each item had a gradation from very positive to very negative or agree and disagree with a social object (Sugiyono 2004).
Section 1
Abhaya Gupta, Jeremy Playfer, Bim Bhowmick in Measurement Scales Used in Elderly Care, 2017
The finer the distinction that can be made between the subject's responses, the greater the precision of the scale. For example, asking a person to simply agree or disagree with a statement yields only two possible responses (this is known as a dichotomous response). Respondents could be asked for their opinion along a continuum - for example, 'strongly disagree, disagree, no opinion, agree or strongly agree' (Likert scale).5 This is relevant for scales that address attitudinal and behavioural issues. The continuum should not be too great, otherwise meaningless responses could be elicited. One approach could be to indicate replies on a visual analogue scale on a line corresponding to the respondent's state. Alternatively, these visual analogue rating scales can measure chronic or temporary health states. A typical rating scale consists of a line drawn on a page with clear end points (e.g. 'death' at one end and 'healthy' at the other). The respondent's health status is then located on a line between these two end points. Scale measurements are rated from 0 (worst) to 1 (best). Another example is the Visual Analogue Pain Scale. A range of other response scales have been described.6 The choice of response format also determines the type of statistics which can be applied.
Quantitative Methods for Analyzing Experimental Studies in Patient Ergonomics Research
Richard J. Holden, Rupa S. Valdez in The Patient Factor, 2021
The responses collected from a subjective rating scale consist of interval data. Patient ergonomics researchers should take care to use reliable and validated scales with acceptable psychometric properties to collect data. The most common analysis procedures include developing a composite score that combines the responses from multiple questions (such as the mean of the responses to multiple questions) or analyzing each item on the scale separately. The use of parametric methods to analyze Likert scale responses has been controversial since they are not ratio data. However, studies using simulated and real data suggest that parametric tests are robust when analyzing Likert scale responses (Norman, 2010). In our case study, we used the IBM CSUQ to analyze overall satisfaction with each interface. Lewis (1995) recommends calculating overall satisfaction by averaging the scores from items 1 to 19 of the questionnaire. Equation (11.4) can then be used to calculate the CIs for satisfaction with the interface.
Does brand equity play a role on doctors prescribing behavior in emerging markets?
Published in International Journal of Healthcare Management, 2020
R. K. Srivastava, Jitendra Bodkhe
The questionnaires comprised of three major parts. In the first part, apart from the factual details consisted of the name of the doctors, geographic location, practicing experience and specialization the questionnaire illustrated about favorite brands and the reason of being the doctors’ preference to prescribe the brands. Likert scale information and ratings (response from 1 to 5 i.e. strongly disagree to strongly agree) were used in this study to assess the response from the doctors. Likert scale is a five (or seven) point scale which is used to allow the individual to express how much they agree or disagree with a particular statement. The second part of the questionnaire illustrated about the importance of different parameter like COO, reputation, quality, and incentives given by the pharmaceutical companies. The third part focused on the doctors’ preference for prescribing the brand base on the cost, promotional activity or influence by marketing and future PB prior to products arrival in the market. A questionnaire is attached in the annexure.
The Collaborative Ocular Tuberculosis Study (COTS) Consensus (CON) Group Meeting Proceedings
Published in Ocular Immunology and Inflammation, 2020
Rupesh Agrawal, Ilaria Testi, Sarakshi Mahajan, Yew Sen Yuen, Aniruddha Agarwal, Andres Rousselot, Dhananjay Raje, Dinesh Visva Gunasekeran, Onn Min Kon, Talin Barisani-Asenbauer, John H. Kempen, Amod Gupta, Douglas A. Jabs, Justine R. Smith, Bahram Bodaghi, Manfred Zierhut, Marc DeSmet, Peter Mc Cluskey, Mamta Agarwal, Manisha Agarwal, Kanika Aggarwal, Mukesh Agrawal, Hassan Al-Dhibi, Sofia Androudi, Fatma Asyari, Manohar Babu Balasundaram, Kalpana Babu Murthy, Edoardo Baglivo, Alay Banker, Reema Bansal, Soumyava Basu, Digamber Behera, Jyotirmay Biswas, Ester Carreño, Laure Caspers, Soon Phaik Chee, Romi Chhabra, Luca Cimino, Luz Elena Concha del Rio, Emmett T. Cunningham, Andrè Luiz Land Curi, Dipankar Das, Ekaterina Denisova, Alastair K Denniston, Marie-Hélène Errera, Alejandro Fonollosa, Amala George, Debra A. Goldstein, Yan Guex Crosier, Avinash Gurbaxani, Alessandro Invernizzi, Hazlita M. Isa, Shah Md. Islam, Nicholas Jones, Deeksha Katoch, Moncef Khairallah, Amit Khosla, Michal Kramer, Amitabh Kumar, Atul Kumar, Rina La Distia Nora, Richard Lee, Careen Lowder, Saurabh Luthra, Padmamalini Mahendradas, Dorine Makhoul, Shahana Mazumdar, Salil Mehta, Elisabetta Miserocchi, Manabu Mochizuki, Oli S. Mohamed, Cristina Muccioli, Marion R Munk, Somasheila Murthy, Shishir Narain, Heloisa Nascimento, Piergiorgio Neri, Myhanh Nguyen, Annabelle A. Okada, Pinar Ozdal, Alan Palestine, Francesco Pichi, S.R Rathinam, Ariel Schlaen, Shobha Sehgal, H Nida Sen, Aman Sharma, Kusum Sharma, Samir S. Shoughy, Nirbhai Singh, Ramandeep Singh, Masoud Soheilian, Sudharshan Sridharan, Jennifer E. Thorne, Christoph Tappeiner, Stephen Teoh, Maria Sofia Tognon, Ilknur Tugal-Tutkun, Mudit Tyagi, Harvey Uy, Daniel Vitor Vasconcelos Santos, Natasa Vidovic Valentincic, Mark Westcott, Ryoji Yanai, Bety Yanez Alvarez, Rahman Zahedur, Quan Dong Nguyen, Carlos Pavesio, Vishali Gupta
Based on the probability that experts would start ATT in a given scenario, the opinions were awarded a score and each score was recorded on the scale of 1–5, with 1 representing a very low probability to start ATT (<20%); 2: low probability to start ATT (21–40%); 3: mixed probability to start ATT (41–60%); 4: high probability to start ATT (61–80%); and 5: very high probability to start ATT (81–100%) (Figure 2). This scale was formed in accordance to five-level Likert scale.13,14 Likert scale is widely used to caliberate the responses in research surveys through a series of questions, with level of agreement/disagreement on a symmetric agree-disagree scale being most commonly used parameter to evaluate either subjective or objective dimensions.13 Five-level likert scale measures positive and negative responses in range of strongly agree to strongly disagree with a neutral option used for experts with divided opinions.14 We deviated from the conventional ‘Yes’ or ‘No’ response of Delphi process to allow experts to use a range of scores (1–5) that simulates real life clinical dilemmas as faced by uveitis specialists in the managing ocular TB.
Awareness of acute kidney injury risk factors and perspectives on its practice guidelines
Published in Hospital Practice, 2018
Numan Alabdan, Abdelhameed H. Elfadol, Rami Bustami, Yousef A. Al-Rajhi, Abdulla A. Al-Sayyari
Descriptive statistical analyses were performed for the study participants. Continuous variables were summarized using mean and standard deviation, and proportions were used for categorical variables. Scores from Likert scale items were analyzed and compared according to profession, sex, age group, educational background, and years of experience. Comparisons were made using the chi-square test. The reliability of the questionnaire assessing perspective toward AKI guidelines was examined using Cronbach’s alpha. The Cronbach’s alpha value between positive items and negative statements about the guidelines was 0.79. Values of P < 0.05 were considered to indicate statistical significance. All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS software version 21.0 (IBM Corp, Armonk, NY, USA).
Related Knowledge Centers
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