Psychiatry
Roy Palmer, Diana Wetherill in Medicine for Lawyers, 2020
Without utilizing a mutually agreed classification system, each psychiatrist would employ their own idiosyncratic classification. This would make it impossible to communicate, render research impossible, and every clinician would have to write their own textbook! For legal purposes, requiring each expert to employ the same set of diagnostic rules allows for a common language that both sides can understand. It gives both sides in court the opportunity to refer to standard textbooks2,3 for descriptions of the condition and allows for focussed cross-examination. The two most important diagnostic systems employed in psychiatry are: the International Classification of Diseases, now in its 10th edition, abbreviated as ICD-10.4the diagnostic and statistical manual of the American Psychiatric Association, edition 4, abbreviated as DSM-IV.5
Understanding HIV/AIDS Numbers
James Chin, Jeffrey Koplan in The AIDS Pandemic, 2018
depending on which of these two datasets are considered to be more reliable. With the advent of effective anti-HIV treatment, modeling of annual AIDS deaths will have to take into account the percent of HIV-infected persons on such treatment. There was some confusion regarding the increased deaths in TB patients infected with HIV during the late 1980s and early 1990s. Many of these deaths were attributed to TB and some to AIDS. The Tenth Revision of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD-10) was approved by WHO in 1990 and has been available for implementation since 1993. According to ICD-10, deaths are attributed to the primary underlying cause: in persons infected with HIV whose immediate cause of death is TB, the death should be coded to AIDS on the basis that TB was the fatal “opportunistic” infection in a person with AIDS.
Medicolegal aspects of death
Jason Payne-James, Richard Jones in Simpson's Forensic Medicine, 2019
Uses include monitoring of the incidence and prevalence of diseases, observing reimbursements and resource allocation trends and keeping track of safety and quality guidelines. They also include the counting of deaths as well as diseases, injuries, symptoms, reasons for encounter, factors that influence health status and external causes of disease. ICD can be used for both clinical diagnoses and death certificates. In this classification, each condition is given a four-digit ICD code, which simplifies both data recording and data analysis and allows information from many national and international sources to be compared. The current version is ICD 10 and this will be superseded by ICD 11 in 2020. A version of ICD 11 has been released in 2018 to allow preparations to be made prior to formal launch.
Changes in prevalence and correlates of alcohol-use disorders in Finland in an 11-year follow-up
Published in Nordic Journal of Psychiatry, 2018
Sebastián Peña, Jaana Suvisaari, Tommi Härkänen, Niina Markkula, Suoma Saarni, Janne Härkönen, Pia Mäkelä, Seppo Koskinen
These variables included socio-demographic characteristics, mental and physical health, use of health services and health behaviours (Supplementary Table 1). Survey information from 2000 was complemented with individual supplementary registry-linked data obtained from the Finnish Hospital Discharge Register (HILMO), one of the oldest and best validated hospital registries worldwide [31]. HILMO covers all public and private hospitals from 1969. ICD-8 was used for hospitalizations from 1969 to 1986 and ICD-9 for hospital admissions from 1987 to 1995. ICD-10 has been used since 1995. We used hospital admissions for mental disorders during lifetime until year 2000 and 2011. Sensitivity analysis was done using 5-year hospitalizations and for conditions which are wholly attributable to alcohol use, and all analyses yielded similar results. Nonparticipants showed higher lifetime and 5-year hospital admission rates for alcohol dependence than survey participants, especially among men (Supplementary Table 2).
Evaluation of a Selective Prehospital Pediatric Spinal Protection Protocol
Published in Prehospital Emergency Care, 2019
Caleb E. Ward, Gia Marissa Badolato, Kristen Breslin, Kathleen Brown, Joelle N. Simpson
Data was obtained using the emergency department’s administrative database. Inclusion criteria for cases were: having a trauma diagnosis for the ED encounter, arrival by EMS and age under 15 years of age. We inferred that an encounter was for trauma based on the inclusion of ICD-9 or ICD-10 trauma codes in the first three listed diagnoses for the encounter. ICD-10 was implemented in the United States on 10/1/15 thus encounters prior to this date were screened using ICD-9 diagnosis codes (ICD9 800–999); encounters after this date utilized ICD-10 codes (ICD 10 S00–T14.9). EMS as a mode of arrival was recorded in the database. We inferred that a patient was transported by the state EMS jurisdiction that corresponded with the patient’s listed residential zip code. The EMS jurisdiction transporting a patient is not currently captured in our administrative database. We reviewed 100 recent EMS transports in our QI database and found 95% concordance between the listed residential zip code and the state EMS agency transporting the patient. Demographic data and encounter information were collected including: date of birth, sex, insurance status, zip code of home address, date & time of encounter, length of stay, billing codes/charges, and any spinal imaging that was ordered including plain radiographs, computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
Cohort profile: decoding the epidemiology of liver disease in Sweden (DELIVER)
Published in Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology, 2022
Hannes Hagström, Ying Shang, Axel Wester, Linnea Widman
Prior to 1969, the ICD-7 version was used in Sweden. This was replaced with ICD-8 between 1969 to 1986, followed by ICD-9 until 1997, when the latest version (ICD-10) came into place (except for Region Skåne where ICD-10 was introduced in 1998). As the different versions of the ICD system contains different definitions and are updated with new diseases or definitions, this have some implications that needs to be considered. For instance, there was no ICD-code for autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) prior to ICD-10, why studies examining AIH might be best executed in the ICD-10 era. For some diseases such as NAFLD, clinicians might have become more familiar with the disease in the most recent years, and an increase in incidence might reflect increased detection and not necessarily a true increase in incidence.
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