Features of grief and mourning when a child dies
Celia Hindmarch in On the Death of a Child, 2018
The more fluid and flexible understanding of grief in contemporary thinking is reflected in the movement towards recognising the human capacity for growth through adversity. This is not a ‘Pollyanna’ view of grief, but an understanding of how traumatic experiences can bring opportunities for positive psychological changes. This concept is not new: the idea of personal gain through suffering is to be found in the major religions of Hinduism, Buddhism, Judaism, Christianity and Islam. In the tradition of humanistic psychology, Rogers (1961) and Maslow (1987) emphasised the capacity for becoming fully functioning human beings, always growing towards our full potential. Other significant figures in this trend include Frankl (1959), a holocaust survivor who understood that the search for meaning can transform one’s experience of tragedy; Seligman (1998), who rescued psychology from a medical model of illness and treatment and initiated a general shift towards a positive conceptualisation of mental health; Joseph and Linley (2006), who have developed these ideas into a coherent approach to positive therapy; and Yalom (2008), the existential psychotherapist who has encouraged our capacity for finding positive meaning in death.
The therapist–client relationship
Rebecca L. Haller, Karen L. Kennedy, Christine L. Capra in The Profession and Practice of Horticultural Therapy, 2019
This approach was developed by Carl Rogers (1951), an early pioneer in humanistic psychology. Its primary orientation is positive regard for each individual and her or his inherent capacity to learn through experience. The horticultural therapist acknowledges each client’s strengths and capacity to determine goals for treatment. The therapist develops individualized treatment for their clients based on their expressed goals and interests. Therapeutic interventions assist clients in accomplishing their goals. This model is essential when working with clients on a short-term basis because the therapist necessarily draws more from the client’s self-knowledge. Exhibit 3.5 describes a client-centered approach to working with youth who have an autism spectrum disorder (Figure 3.2).
Getting Started With Facilitation
Gill Harvey, Alison Kitson in Implementing Evidence-Based Practice In Healthcare, 2015
The first of these is humanistic psychology, where facilitation approaches have been used to shape counselling and therapeutic client-centred approaches. Carl Rogers’ work has also influenced the crossover of these humanistic principles to inform educational approaches, particularly in adult learning (Rogers, 1969). Peter Reason and John Heron both looked at shaping the learning experience of groups based on these humanistic principles (Reason, 1988; Heron, 1989), as well as principles for educational psychology and action science. Champions of the action science approach to facilitation were people like Donald Schon and Chris Argyris (Schon, 1983; Argyris and Schon, 1996) who led the movement around practice-based learning or learning from experience. For them, facilitation was the mechanism through which individuals and groups could be enabled to learn from practice and, importantly, to co-create new knowledge through critical dialogue between the practitioner (learner) and the facilitator (the expert enabler of learning).
Humanist chaplaincy according to Northwestern European humanist chaplains: towards a framework for understanding chaplaincy in secular societies
Published in Journal of Health Care Chaplaincy, 2021
C. M. Schuhmann, J. Wojtkowiak, R. van Lierop, F. Pitstra
The philosophical roots of humanism as a worldview can be traced back as far as Hellenistic culture in the fifth century B.C. (Copson, 2015; Van Praag, 1982). Humanistic psychology was developed as a ‘third force’ in psychology over half a century ago, in the 1950s (Hansen, Speciale, & Lemberger, 2014; McLeod, 2003). Humanist chaplaincy, however, generally has a far shorter history. Although humanist chaplaincy is gaining ground in several European countries and in the US, the Netherlands is the single country where humanist chaplaincy has a history of several decades and has become firmly integrated in public institutions. This unique situation is on the one hand related to the high level of secularization in the Netherlands (Bernts & Berghuijs, 2016; Van IJssel 2007) but also and especially to the efforts and vision of one person, Jaap van Praag (1911 to 1981), a key figure in Dutch humanism. In his main work, Foundations of Humanism, Van Praag (1982) developed a theoretical framework for understanding modern humanism as a dynamic, multifaceted view on life, that is characterized by the attempt to understand the world and life by appealing to human abilities only. Van Praag was a founding father of the Dutch Humanist League in 1946, of the Humanist Educational Institution in 1963 (which in 1989 became the University of Humanistic Studies), and of the profession of humanist chaplaincy in health care, prisons, and the army. He also played a key role in founding the International Humanist and Ethical Union in 1952 (Derkx, 2009).
Conceptual and historical evolution of psychiatric nosology
Published in International Review of Psychiatry, 2021
Awais Aftab, Elizabeth Ryznar
The modern DSM with its sharp focus on operationalized criteria is thought by many to have created an artificial polarity between morphological classification and explanatory formulation in diagnostics (Frances & Cooper, 1981; Sadler, 2005). An impoverished understanding of diagnosis as excluding formulation (an understanding that DSM has done little itself to counter) has led to a counter-reaction in the psy- communities in the form of the idea that diagnosis should be abandoned in favour of a psychological formulation. Such ideas are particularly notable among some factions in the UK, and have been endorsed by the British Psychological Association, with Power Threat Meaning Framework (PTMF) offered as a potential replacement to diagnosis (The British Psychological Society 2020). In the US, Division 32 (Society for Humanistic Psychology) of American Psychological Association has also supported similar ideas (Society for Humanistic Psychology, 2020).
Evaluating the relationship between work engagement, work alienation and work performance of healthcare professionals
Published in International Journal of Healthcare Management, 2018
Nazan Kartal
Positive psychology, purported by the psychologist Seligman in the field of organizational behavior, was introduced to challenge the notion that psychology only examines pathological and negative behavior after 2000s [1,2]. Rogers (1947, 1959), Maslow, May, and Fromm, who are particularly representative of the humanistic psychology (phenomenology) movement, have also presented work in the field of positive psychology [3]. For the first time, the concept of positive psychology was used by Maslow in 1954 [4], and since then, it has been developed to complement the missing aspects of clinical psychology, beyond repairing adversities. Since World War II, psychology has started to spread in a wide range of therapeutic contexts, concentrating on repairing the individual damage caused by the disease and creating positive qualities [5]. Psychology has been criticized mainly for the mental illness and distress oriented perspective, and it has been found that these criticisms are also related to occupational health psychology [6]. In occupational health psychology, traditionally, individual and organizational interventions are based on the so-called ‘medical illness’ perspective, that is, interventions are implemented only if there is a problem [7]. Thus, the basic aim of interventions is to correct tensions.
Related Knowledge Centers
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