Social Distance from Persons with Narcolepsy and Other Conditions
Meeta Goswami, Charles P. Pollak, Felissa L. Cohen, Michael J. Thorpy, Neil B. Kavey, Austin H. Kutscher, Jill C. Crabtree in Psychosocial Aspects of Narcolepsy, 2015
The scale used in this study consisted of a continuum of six social distance conditions as developed by Cohen (1988) based on the work of Bogardus (1933) and Gentry (1986, 1987). These social distance categories represented degrees of closeness that characterized social relations and included city, neighborhood, church, casual acquaintance, close friend, and romantic interest on a continuum of increasing closeness. Validation of the distance intervals was done, and a pretest was conducted. Guttman scaling techniques were used. In order to meet the criteria for Guttman scaling, properties of unidimensionality and cumulativeness are required (SPSS 1983). A scale is considered to be unidimensional when all items measure distance from a single object such as the person with a specified chronic illness. Cumulativeness refers to scale items being ordered by degree of difficulty or on a continuum. A perfect Guttman scale is formed when all responses conform to a consistent pattern. In an ideal or perfect Guttman scale, a positive response to a closer-intimacy item such as acceptance of a person as a close friend would always be associated with positive responses to less intimate items such as admission of a person to the city in which the respondent lives. In order to determine if scale items conformed to these criteria, the appropriate statistics were performed. The coefficients of reproducibility and scalability, minimum marginal reproducibility and percent improvement exceeded minimum acceptable criteria for this type of scale (Cohen 1988; SPSS 1983).
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Filomena Pereira-Maxwell in Medical Statistics, 2018
A graphical tool that is used to measure subjective symptoms, attitudes, feelings and opinions. The scale is simply a straight line, along which the different possible outcomes are marked and ranked by degree of severity or intensity. Visual analogue scales (VAS) give rise to ordinal data, which are usually analysed using non-parametric methods. See also Guttman scale, Likert scale.
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Alan Earl-Slater in Dictionary of Health Economics, 2018
Visual analogue scales have been used to measure the quality of life of patients undergoing chemotherapy or radiotherapy. SeeGuttman Scale; Health gain; Health index; Health measurement pyramid; Index of health-related quality of life; Likert Scale; QALY.
Predictive validity of the Chelsea Critical Care Physical Assessment tool (CPAx) in critically ill, mechanically ventilated adults: a prospective clinimetric study
Published in Disability and Rehabilitation, 2023
Sabrina Eggmann, Martin L. Verra, Valentine Stefanicki, Angela Kindler, Joerg C. Schefold, Bjoern Zante, Caroline H. G. Bastiaenen
The Chelsea Critical Care Physical Assessment tool (CPAx) is a performance-based measurement instrument to assess respiratory function, functional mobility and grip strength in critically ill adults [9]. The evaluation of the CPAx is based on observation and its ten items are rated on a 6-point Guttman scale from 0 (=dependent/unable) to 5 (=independent). The CPAx has established clinimetric properties such as an excellent interrater-reliability [9], construct and cross-sectional validity across the ICU and hospital stay [10], responsiveness [11] along with low floor and ceiling effects in a general ICU population [12]. The clinical value of the CPAx therefore lies in the evaluation of critically ill adults’ physical function and activity across the ICU and hospital. However, the CPAx may also have a relevant role in predicting patients in need of further multidisciplinary rehabilitation as indicated by one previous study exploring hospital discharge destinations [12]. More research is therefore needed to study the usefulness of the CPAx for prediction in survivors of critical illness.
A Mixed-Methods Exploration of the Role and Impact of Stigma and Advocacy on Substance Use Disorder Recovery
Published in Alcoholism Treatment Quarterly, 2019
Robert D. Ashford, Austin M. Brown, Brent Canode, Jessica McDaniel, Brenda Curtis
The Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale (RSES; Rosenberg, 1965) is a widely used measure as well. This unidimensional, 10-item assessment has been widely reviewed and has strong internal consistency based on the Guttman scale of coefficient reproducibility (0.92), and correlations of 0.85 and 0.88 in test–retest stability over 2 weeks (Rosenberg, 1979). Furthermore, the RSES has been analyzed across 53 countries in 28 languages for internal reliability (α = .81) (Schmitt & Allik, 2005).
Translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the Chelsea Critical Care Physical Assessment tool into Danish
Published in Physiotherapy Theory and Practice, 2020
Katrine Astrup, Evelyn J. Corner, Marianne Godt Hansen, Annemette Krintel Petersen
Although survival from critical illness has significantly improved in the past years, continuing physical impairment after intensive care unit (ICU) discharge has become an increasing problem (Sukantarat et al. 2007; Van Der Schaaf et al. 2009). Muscle weakness acquired during critical illness, known as Intensive Care Unit-acquired weakness (ICU-AW) is present in approximately 50% of ICU admissions; the biggest risk factor for the development of ICU-AW is sepsis/multi-organ failure, and it is linked with prolonged mechanical ventilation (Stevens et al. 2007; Wieske et al. 2015). Research exploring early rehabilitation for patients in the ICU to prevent or minimize loss of muscle strength and physical function has shown promising results (Kayambu et al. 2013; Schaller et al. 2016). The use of measurement instruments to monitor and possibly minimize functional impairments after critical illness is of research interest in the ICU community worldwide (Connolly 2015; Parry et al. 2017). Monitoring and assessing impairments and changes in physical function during the ICU admission may enhance clinical reasoning and support decision-making in the individualized treatment for each patient (Connolly 2015; Reid et al. 2015). Thus, valid and reliable measurement tools are an important part of both clinical practice and research to assess physical function and to evaluate treatment effect. Currently, there are several measurement tools that can be used in the assessment of physical function in ICU patients, but there is no consensus on a ‘gold standard’ (Parry et al. 2015, 2017). The Chelsea Critical Care Physical Assessment Tool (CPAx) (Corner et al. 2014, 2013) has shown to be valid and has demonstrated strong clinimetric properties (Corner et al. 2015; Parry et al. 2015). The CPAx is a numerical and pictorial measurement tool consisting of 10 commonly assessed items of physical function graded on a 6-point Guttman-Scale from complete dependency to independence (0–5). An aggregate score between 0 and 50 can be calculated, where 0 represents complete dependency and 50 is completely independent. However, no assessment tool has been translated and validated into Danish. A Danish measurement tool to assess physical function and evaluate treatment in the Danish ICUs is required. The purpose of this study was therefore to translate the CPAx into Danish and carry out cross-cultural validation of the translated version.
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