Health Coaching, Motivational Interviewing, and Behavior Change in Women's Health
Michelle Tollefson, Nancy Eriksen, Neha Pathak in Improving Women's Health Across the Lifespan, 2021
Motivation is commonly conceptualized as a general drive or inclination typically toward achieving a goal or outcome within the foreseeable future. Interestingly, according to self-determination theory (SDT), the type of motivation a patient has could reveal more about future actions than overall motivation.17 The first type is intrinsic motivation, or motivation that comes from within the individual with inherent interest and enjoyment for the behavior. Intrinsic motivation requires little to no self-regulation, since the behavior is pursued from the inherent enjoyment that is produced (e.g., reading a good book, watching a favorite television show, going for a walk on a nice day, and eating a favorite dessert). Patients can be intrinsically motivated for both healthy and unhealthy behaviors. Extrinsic motivation indicates that one is motivated for behavior in order to reach a goal, reward, or outcome extrinsic to the behavior itself. It is this type of motivation that HCPs will engage most often with lifestyle prescriptions, such as a patient eating healthier diet for improvements in blood pressure, cholesterol, anxiety/mood, sleep, or weight control (i.e., extrinsic outcomes).
Motivation
Mohamed Ahmed Abd El-Hay in Understanding Psychology for Medicine and Nursing, 2019
Cognitive theories of motivation stress the active processing and understanding of information. These theories view individuals as thinking about, planning, and exercising control over their behavior. Cognitive theories are based on two basic factors: (1) information available to the individual; and (2) the individual’s past experience, which the person refers to when trying to make sense of the available information and to determine how to respond or relate to the current situation. Cognitive theories of motivation draw a key distinction between intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. Intrinsic motivation is the force that compels a person to fulfill his or her inner potential and interests, it causes us to participate in an activity for our own enjoyment rather than for any concrete reward that it will bring us. It corresponds to the inherent desire of an individual to express his or her actual self through selected actions and behavior, across different settings, whether at work or at play. In contrast, extrinsic motivation is experienced when a person’s actions are influenced by the desire to attain goal objects or rewards. Rewards may be material, such as food or money, or intangible, such as pride and recognition. Among the most prominent cognitive theories are cognitive consistency theories, goal-setting theory, expectancy theory, and frustration theory.
Heath Promotion
James M. Rippe in Manual of Lifestyle Medicine, 2021
The essence of motivation for change involves helping individuals to adopt reasons for acting or behaving to enhance their health. Lifestyle habits such as poor diet, lack of exercise, obesity, and smoking lead to significant increases in heart disease. If we could change these factors, we could see an 80% reduction in heart disease, a 90% reduction in diabetes, and a 60% reduction in cancer (1–3). The key is helping people actually make those changes in their daily lives. Some of this motivation must emanate from internal qualities that individuals have (4). This has also been called “autonomous” motivation. Motivation is further divided into “intrinsic,” which involves doing things purely for their own sake, and “extrinsic,” which relates to changing things that individuals do not find inherently interesting or enjoyable.
A basic needs coaching paradigm for coaches of intercollegiate and high school athletes
Published in Journal of Sport Psychology in Action, 2018
SDT proposes that the likelihood of an individual to participate, show effort, and persist at an activity depends on their level of self-determination (Deci & Ryan, 1985). Motivation is classified along a continuum ranging from the most to the least self-determined. Intrinsic motivation is on one end of the continuum as the most self-determined form of motivation. Individuals that have intrinsic motivation towards an activity tend to engage solely for the pleasure and satisfaction they feel from the activity. As an individual moves further away from intrinsic motivation she becomes less self-determined. Extrinsic motivation occupies the middle part of the continuum and is comprised of several external regulations. Extrinsic motivation towards an activity is derived from receiving extrinsic rewards for participating (e.g., money, rewards, fame, etc.). Positioned on the opposite end of the continuum is amotivation, or an absence of motivation toward the activity.
The clinical educator’s guide to fostering learner motivation: AMEE Guide No. 137
Published in Medical Teacher, 2021
Kayley M. Lyons, Jeff J. Cain, Stuart T. Haines, Danijela Gasevic, Tina P. Brock
Strategies to promote autonomy and structure influence extrinsic and intrinsic motivation. Extrinsic motivation is when the motive to engage in learning is external to the activity (Ryan and Deci 2000a). Intrinsic motivation, a higher quality type of motivation, is when the learner views activities as inherently satisfying, interesting, and enjoyable. It is unrealistic to believe that students will be intrinsically motivated by all learning activities. Educators can provide extrinsic motivators that prompt learners to behave in ways that are similar to learners who are intrinsically motivated (Ryan and Deci 2000b). Extrinsic motivation occurs on a continuum. At one extreme, the learner is only motivated by the extrinsic reward or avoidance of punishment and sees no inherent value in the activity. At the other end of the continuum, the learner clearly sees the intrinsic value of the activity, but would not otherwise voluntarily initiate the activity in the absence of an extrinsic reward. Offering greater autonomy and choice over learning tasks allows learners the opportunity to shape these activities around their intrinsic interests (Ryan and Deci 2000b).
Motivation in rehabilitation and acquired brain injury: can theory help us understand it?
Published in Disability and Rehabilitation, 2019
Andrea Kusec, Diana Velikonja, Carol DeMatteo, Jocelyn E. Harris
The role of intrinsic motivation is well-established in healthcare settings, such as in physical exercise, prescription adherence, and diet control [24,43,44]. In ABI specifically, much of the available research in intrinsic motivation has been in the context of motivational interviewing, which aligns with Self-determination Theory, and interventions for self-awareness [45–48]. However, there is value in exploring the role of extrinsic motivation. In a meta-analysis of the effects of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation, it was found that intrinsic motivation was a strong predictor of quality of task performance, whereas extrinsic motivation was a strong predictor of quantity of performance [38]. By assessing levels of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation, the extent to which an individual may be willing to engage in multiple different types of rehabilitation activities (i.e., quantity) and how much an individual will work towards a specific task (i.e., quality) can be gauged.
Related Knowledge Centers
- Mental State
- Amotivational Syndrome
- Apathy
- Psychology
- Happiness
- Curiosity
- Consciousness
- Unconscious Mind
- Maslow'S Hierarchy of Needs
- Equity Theory