Application of the neuropsychological evaluation in vocational planning after brain injury
Robert T. Fraser, David C. Clemmons in Traumatic Brain Injury Rehabilitation, 2017
There are basically two major categories of behavioral disturbances. Disinhibition refers to the process of losing inhibitory controls over action and emotions. The client may or may not be aware of a change in his ability to inhibit responses, such as anger outbursts. Most of us, for example, would be able to inhibit tomato-throwing behavior if standing in a five-item or less grocery line and the first person in line has a cart full of 30 items and is paying by check. Usually, those without brain injury are able to inhibit these impulses. After traumatic brain damage, disinhibition means that tomato-throwing behavior and other impulsive displays might not be suppressed even though the person may wish to do so or is unaware that this is inappropriate. There are a number of disinhibition problems that cover aggression, inappropriate social, verbal, or sexual behavior, and amount of emotional output (see Table 1).
Individuals, Families, and Populations at Risk
Judith Landau-Stanton, Colleen D. Clements, Robert E. Cole, Ann Z. Griepp, Alexander F. Tartaglia, Jackie Nudd, Elisabet Espaillat-Piña, M. Duncan Stanton in AIDS, Health, and Mental Health, 1993
Research has also shown that other substance abusers (in particular those using noninjected cocaine, but also those using alcohol and other substances) appear to be at high risk. For example, drinking alcohol is thought to lead to disinhibition.31 Other researchers have studied both drug and alcohol use and showed that drinking while engaging in sexual behavior was significantly associated with higher-risk sexual behaviors in San Francisco gay men.32,33 Other studies are not as consistent. A study of the role of drinking among heterosexual adolescents found a significant association between alcohol, lack of condom use, and casual partners only with regard to first-time intercourse, with the relationship to risk behavior diminishing with subsequent episodes.34 Martin and Hasin’s study also failed to detect any relationship between alcoholism and anal intercourse.34
Driving and safe mobility in Parkinson’s disease
Jeremy Playfer, John Hindle, Andrew Lees in Parkinson's Disease in the Older Patient, 2018
The application of these three levels of function can be of practical help in decision making. This is illustrated by studies of drivers with acquired brain damage, particularly stroke.24 Evidence for impairment at all levels may be collected by discussion with patient and relatives as well as by clinical observation. At a strategic level we would look for evidence of inappropriate planning of trips or lack of selective use of cars. Poor planning, poor judgement, lack of insight, and impulsivity affect both strategic and tactical levels. Impulsivity is attributed to disinhibition and/or cognitive impairment. Factors which interfere with the operational level include inadequate visual scanning of the environment, poor visual tracking, slowness in acting, and confusion when more complex acts have to be carried out.
Incremental Validity of the Durand Adaptive Psychopathic Traits Questionnaire Above Self-Report Psychopathy Measures in Community Samples
Published in Journal of Personality Assessment, 2019
The TriPM (Patrick, 2010) is a self-report questionnaire containing 58 items assessing psychopathic traits. Items are rated on a 4-point Likert scale ranging from 1 (true) to 4 (false). The scale is divided into three subscales, namely boldness, meanness, and disinhibition. Boldness refers to the adaptive component seen in psychopathic individuals, and encompasses characteristics such as charisma, fearlessness, anxiety, and stress immunity. Meanness refers to the aggressive aspect of psychopathic individuals, including characteristics such as violent behavior, lack of empathy, and enjoyment through destruction. Disinhibition refers to the behavioral deficits seen in psychopathic individuals, and contains characteristics such as impulsive behaviors, lack of planning, and overall behavioral restraint deficiency (Patrick et al., 2009). In this study, Cronbach's alpha for the total score and the two scales ranged from α = .83 to .88.
Psychometric Properties of the Personality Inventory for DSM-5-Brief Form in a Community Sample with High Rates of Trauma Exposure
Published in Journal of Personality Assessment, 2021
Courtland S. Hyatt, Jessica L. Maples-Keller, Michael L. Crowe, Chelsea E. Sleep, Sierra T. Carter, Vasiliki Michopoulos, Jennifer S. Stevens, Tanja Jovanovic, Bekh Bradley, Joshua D. Miller, Abigail Powers
Disinhibition displayed large, positive relations to emotion dysregulation and recent dissociation, as well as the medium-to-large relations to depression, anxiety, and anger and sensation-seeking. Contrary to hypotheses, neither Disinhibition nor Antagonism displayed large relations to indices of externalizing psychopathology. The relations between Disinhibition and Antagonism and aggression, alcohol use, and drug use were positive, but generally small-to-medium in magnitude, and relations of similar magnitude were observed for all five PID-5 domains. Multivariate regression analyses suggest that Disinhibition explained the largest share of variance in the externalizing criteria, except anger and sensation-seeking, where Negative Affectivity accounted for the largest portion of variance. Consistent with hypotheses, Disinhibition was a stronger correlate of alcohol and drug use than Antagonism, but these domains displayed comparably large relations to aggression. As hypothesized, Psychoticism demonstrated a large, positive relation with recent dissociation; this domain predicted the largest portion of variance in the multivariate regression analyses, and Steiger’s z-tests suggest that it is a statistically significantly stronger correlate of this criteria than the other PID-5 domains. Additionally, Psychoticism showed large, positive relations to depression and emotion dysregulation.
Personality disorder: a disease in disguise
Published in Upsala Journal of Medical Sciences, 2018
The criteria for this disorder are very similar to those for disinhibition. It was included in the new ICD-11 at a very late stage of the process (45). The classification may be applied to individuals whose pattern of personality disturbance is characterized by a pervasive pattern of instability of interpersonal relationships, self-image, and affects, as well as marked impulsivity, as indicated by many of the following behavioural patterns: frantic efforts to avoid real or imagined abandonment; a pattern of unstable and intense interpersonal relationships; identity disturbance, manifested in markedly and persistently unstable self-image or sense of self; a tendency to act rashly in states of high negative affect, leading to potentially self-damaging behaviours; recurrent episodes of self-harm; emotional instability due to marked reactivity of mood; chronic feelings of emptiness; inappropriate intense anger or difficulty controlling anger; and transient dissociative symptoms or psychotic-like features in situations of high affective arousal. The condition involves anxiety without an identifiable connection to concrete stimuli and, among other things, has been called ‘annihilation anxiety’, ‘pan-anxiety’, or ‘global anxiety’. The term ‘emptiness depression’ describes general feelings of despair and hopelessness with dominance of depressive thoughts.
Related Knowledge Centers
- Big Five Personality Traits
- Hypersexuality
- Impulsivity
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- Limbic System
- Polyphagia
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- Stimulus
- Mental Disorder
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