Overeating Behavior and Cardiometabolic Health
Nathalie Bergeron, Patty W. Siri-Tarino, George A. Bray, Ronald M. Krauss in Nutrition and Cardiometabolic Health, 2017
Stimulus control techniques provided a foundation for early treatments targeting behavioral control of overeating in obesity (Stuart 1967) and have remained important components of more recent interventions (Brownell 2000; Wadden, Butryn, and Wilson 2007; Wadden et al. 2012). Stimulus control techniques are predicated on the assumption that environmental factors stimulate behavior, and therefore altering environmental factors can change behavior. It follows that weight-loss interventions that include this technique focus on increasing exposure to cues that reduce overeating and reducing exposure to cues that encourage overeating. For example, individuals can choose to keep a bowl of washed and ready-to-eat fruit (rather than a cookie jar) on the kitchen counter, which may promote eating of a fiber-filled fruit rather than a sugar-laden cookie for an afternoon snack. Similarly, individuals can choose to dine at menu-based restaurants rather than buffet restaurants to avoid a smorgasbord of cues to overeat a variety of foods. We further discuss applications, adaptations, and extrapolations of stimulus control techniques when we review environmental interventions, in the following.
Psychotherapeutic Approaches in Pain Management
Mark V. Boswell, B. Eliot Cole in Weiner's Pain Management, 2005
Sleep restriction, stimulus control, and multimodal treatment were the three most effective treatments in reducing insomnia. In using the technique of stimulus control, we use cueing strategies to gradually reduce and eliminate stimuli that are likely to elicit undesirable behaviors; conversely, we increase stimuli that are likely to elicit desirable behaviors. For example, we may instruct the patient to fall asleep at specified times and places, while excluding other activities, such as watching television, reading, or worrying. Inconsistencies in the assessment measures of insomnia and the lack of established criteria for what constitutes a therapeutic outcome reveal the need for the use of valid objective measures of insomnia, more meaningful outcome criteria relevant to a patient’s quality of life, and empirically established guidelines for the selection of treatment techniques (Chambers, 1992).
The use of applied behavior analysis in traumatic brain injury rehabilitation
Mark J. Ashley, David A. Hovda in Traumatic Brain Injury, 2017
Stimulus control programming involves bringing the target behavior under the control of a specific stimulus or set of conditions.250 Many behaviors are deemed acceptable or unacceptable based on the circumstances under which they occur. Sexual intimacy, for example, is considered an acceptable behavior if it occurs between consenting adults in the privacy of their home. If it occurs at the supermarket or on a public bus, however, it would not be considered acceptable. The goal of stimulus control programs, then, is to bring behaviors that may be occurring at the wrong time, place, or frequency into more appropriate or more easily controlled stimulus conditions.251 Behaviors are brought under stimulus control by reinforcing the target behavior at the time and/or location at which the behavior should naturally or acceptably occur (e.g., masturbating in the bedroom rather than in public). Behaviors can also be brought under a specific stimulus control that is then progressively reduced, decreasing the frequency of the behavior as access to the stimulus decreases. Stimulus control programs are considered positive in nature because the behavior is being reinforced, in most cases, for occurring in a more appropriate environment or time.
Self-Management in Organizational Behavior Management
Published in Journal of Organizational Behavior Management, 2022
Rachael Ferguson, Lauren Rivera
The second reason to manipulate antecedents is to promote positive behavior change. One way an antecedent can promote desired behavior is through acting as a discriminative stimulus. A discriminative stimulus signals access to reinforcement for specific responses when present, and in its absence, responses of the same type will not be reinforced (Cooper et al., 2007). As mentioned, self-management involves increasing or decreasing a target behavior to reach a goal (Hickman & Geller, 2005). Goals have been conceptualized behaviorally as stimuli that come before a behavior and if achieving one’s goal generates positive reinforcement, the goal is said to have discriminative control over the behavior (Fellner & Sulzer-Azaroff, 1984).
Using Prompts and Feedback to Reduce Illegal Parking in a University Parking Lot
Published in Journal of Organizational Behavior Management, 2020
Michael Clayton, Teresa Tran, Kelcee Rowlett
Any application of feedback engenders discussion of its role and function in behavior change procedures. Feedback is frequently reported to be effective but the behavioral mechanisms responsible for the change remain poorly understood. It has been suggested that feedback may function similarly to a) a reinforcer or punisher (Slowiak, Dickinson, & Huitema, 2011), b) an instruction (Catania, 1998), c) a discriminative stimulus (Duncan & Bruwelheide, 1985), d) a rule (Haas & Hayes, 2006), e) a conditioned reinforcer (Hayes, Kohlenberg, & Hayes, 1991), and f) a motivational (Johnson, 2013) or establishing stimulus (Duncan & Bruwelheide, 1985).
Communication interventions on conditional requesting or rejecting skills for individuals with moderate to severe developmental disabilities: a scoping review
Published in International Journal of Developmental Disabilities, 2019
Mo Chen
To a certain extent, conditional use of communication can be viewed on a continuum of antecedent stimuli conditions that set the occasion for the communicative act to occur and not to occur. Therefore, conditional communication production (e.g. conditional requesting or rejecting) can be better understood from a stimulus control perspective. Stimulus control refers to a functional relationship between presentation of an antecedent stimulus and change in the probability of a response (i.e. antecedent stimulus → response [R]; Terrace 1966). Typically, there are two types of antecedent stimulus, that is, establishing operation (EO) and discriminative stimulus (SD). Specifically, the concept of establishing operation was initially termed by Keller and Schoenfeld (1950) but later refined by Michael (1982, 1993, 2000). Michael (1982, 1993, 2000) defined it as any stimulus, condition, or event that (a) momentarily alters the value of some stimulus as a reinforcer and (b) evokes all responses that have produced that reinforcer in the past. The term establishing operation was later replaced with motivating operation (MO) to encompass both the establishing and abolishing operations so as to more accurately represent the bidirectional effects of establishing and abolishing the value of reinforcement and the corresponding evoking or abating of the relevant behavior (Laraway et al. 2003). In contrast with EO or MO, discriminative stimulus (SD) signals the (un)availability of reinforcement (e.g. Tiger et al. 2006). In particular, discriminative stimulus correlated with the availability of reinforcement is designated as S+,while discriminative stimulus correlated with the unavailability of reinforcement is designated as S-. Although motivating operation and discriminative stimulus are different in nature, both of them are able to exert stimulus control over responses.
Related Knowledge Centers
- Applied Behavior Analysis
- Behaviorism
- Classical Conditioning
- Contingency Management
- Operant Conditioning
- Psychoactive Drug
- Cannabinoid
- Stimulus
- Three-Term Contingency
- Short-Term Memory