Depression
Jane Higgs, Gill Wakley, Ruth Chambers, Clare Gerada in Demonstrating your Clinical Competence in Depression, Dementia, Alcoholism, Palliative Care and Osteoporosis, 2018
About half the people who have major depression experience a further depressive episode in the following 10 years. Mild to moderate depression: sufferers have depressive symptoms and some functional impairment. Many recover in the short term, and about half have recurrent symptoms.Severe depression: sufferers have depressive symptoms plus agitation or psychomotor retardation and somatic symptoms. Common unexplained somatic complaints can include: headaches, chest pains, difficulty in breathing, difficulty in swallowing, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, lower back pain, skin rashes, frequent urination, diarrhoea, skin and muscle discomfort.Psychotic depression: sufferers have hallucinations, delusions or both in addition to their depressive symptoms.
Role of Herbs and Their Delivery Through Nanofibers in Pharmacotherapy of Depression
Anne George, Snigdha S. Babu, M. P. Ajithkumar, Sabu Thomas in Holistic Healthcare. Volume 2: Possibilities and Challenges, 2019
The psychiatric conditions accompanied by disturbances in mood rather than that of thought or cognition, feeling of sadness and loneliness are called depression. It may be mild to severe (psychotic) depression accompanied by hallucinations and delusions. Symptoms of depression include emotional symptoms such as feeling of guilt, loss of motivation, low self-esteem, inadequacy, etc. as well as biological symptoms such as loss of appetite, loss of libido, sleep disturbances, retardation of thought and action, etc.1 Approximately 121 million people worldwide are affected by depression and the number is increasing every day. A study conducted on 89,000 people worldwide shows that depressed people are more in high-income countries such as France, Netherlands, and America (over 30%) and common in India too (almost 36%).2 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention also revealed that the following group of people are affected more by depression: people between the age of 45 and 64, women (suffer twice more than men), people who never go for high school education, married people, unemployed youth, and uninsured people. Depression can lead to dangerous complications in people suffering from chronic conditions such as heart attack or stroke, diabetes, or Parkinson’s disease (Table 13.1). Such people are more susceptible to be affected by depression.3
Mental health in mainland China
Dinesh Bhugra, Samson Tse, Roger Ng, Nori Takei in Routledge Handbook of Psychiatry in Asia, 2015
The survey found that the overall point prevalence of mental disorders (excluding neurosis by original design of the survey) in the seven study areas was 1.12 percent and the lifetime prevalence was 1.35 percent. Of all the mental disorders, the prevalence of schizophrenia was the highest, with a point prevalence of 5.31 per thousand and a lifetime prevalence of 6.55 per thousand. The prevalence of mental retardation was 2.70 per thousand, which was the second most prevalent disorder studied. Manic-depressive psychosis was ranked the third in prevalence, with a point prevalence of 0.52 per thousand and lifetime prevalence of 0.83 per thousand. The prevalence of alcohol dependence (0.68 per thousand) was significantly higher than in the earlier 12-region survey. The prevalence of Alzheimer’s disease was 0.36 per thousand. The results informed policy-making.
Fibromyalgia, Sjogren’s & depression: linked?
Published in Postgraduate Medicine, 2020
Muruga Loganathan, Amit Ladani, Steven Lippmann
Major depression is diagnosed when five or more symptoms, are present for more than two weeks in adults, or one week for children, as noted in Table 3. [49,50] It includes depressed mood and anhedonia. There are several different presentations. Depression is highly recurrent and when accompanied by hallucinations, delusions, or catatonia, it is termed a psychotic depression. [49] Alternating mood cycles with mania and depression might indicate a bipolar disorder. Dysthymia lasts longer than two years, and seasonal affective disorder generally worsens during winter. Atypical depression may present with limb sensitivity, over eating, hypersomnia, and irritability. Premenstrual dysphoric disorder occurs late in the menstrual cycle, while post-partum depression appears shortly after birth. Situational depression follows stressors by life events. [49,50]
Neurodevelopmental disorders in children exposed in utero to synthetic progestins: analysis from the national cohort of the Hhorages Association*
Published in Gynecological Endocrinology, 2019
Marie-Odile Soyer-Gobillard, Laura Gaspari, Philippe Courtet, Mauricette Puillandre, Françoise Paris, Charles Sultan
Our clinical data were collected from 1200 families (1934 children) involved in the French Hhorages Association (Halt to Synthetic Hormones for Pregnancies), a patient support group, using a detailed questionnaire drawn up by practitioners and researchers as described in previous papers [2,3]. We included questions on patient sex, rank among siblings, exposure during gestation, and somatic and psychiatric disorders of the descendants. Most families had children exposed to either estrogens alone or cocktails of estrogens and progestins, but only 46 families (115 children) had at least one child exposed to one or more progestins prescribed alone, without estrogens. In the extensive questionnaires (Registration number to French National Commission of Computer Science and Freedom, CNIL n°1006460), we obtained the family history, including the mother’s hormone treatment before and during pregnancy, and the medical records of the children’s health problems, including diagnoses, prescriptions and treatments and/or hospitalizations. The psychiatric disorders reported in the questionnaires were classified as schizophrenia, bipolar disorders (maniac-depressive psychosis), severe depression, behavior disorders, aggressiveness, and eating disorders. The diagnoses had been made by experienced psychiatrists and the patients received appropriate drugs and psychotherapy with or without hospitalization in specialized institutions. When suicides or suicide attempts were reported, a second questionnaire validated by members of the Research Group on Suicide (CHU Lapeyronie Montpellier) was sent to the families.
Neuro-Ophthalmic Literature Review
Published in Neuro-Ophthalmology, 2021
David A. Bellows, Noel C.Y. Chan, John J. Chen, Hui-Chen Cheng, Peter W. MacIntosh, Jenny A. Nij Bijvank, Michael S. Vaphiades, Sui H. Wong, Xiaojun Zhang
Clinical lycanthropy is one of the delusional misidentification syndromes, which are characterised by patients misidentifying a person, place, or object, and also include Capgras syndrome, Fregoli syndrome, reduplicative paramnesia, and intermetamorphosis. Clinical lycanthropy is a syndrome in which the patient has the delusional belief of turning into a wolf. Lesions localised in the right hemisphere and frontal lobe are reported in lesion-related delusional misidentification syndromes, but wider networks may be involved. The authors report a 12-year-old pubescent adolescent born in France, who exhibited delusional ideas of wolf metamorphosis. He often heard werewolves telling him to ‘join the pack’. He often looked at himself in the mirror, believing that his eyes had changed colour and his teeth had lengthened. His mother had discovered deliberately torn trousers. The authors conducted a review on PubMed of cases of lycanthropy and cyanthropy (dog transformation) of adolescents aged younger than 20 years. They detected four patients ages 17–19. Diagnoses reported were schizophrenia, psychotic depression, and mania. It had not been previously reported as occurring during early adolescence.
Related Knowledge Centers
- Anhedonia
- Delusion
- Hallucination
- Major Depressive Disorder
- Major Depressive Episode
- Persecutory Delusion
- Psychosis
- Bipolar Disorder
- Schizoaffective Disorder
- Mood Congruence