Juvenile Disruptive Behaviour Disorders
Cathy Laver-Bradbury, Margaret J.J. Thompson, Christopher Gale, Christine M. Hooper in Child and Adolescent Mental Health, 2021
Parenting practices and attitudes will affect children with CD and ODD. Positive parenting practices foster good self-esteem, confidence and problem-solving techniques in children, whilst inconsistent, negative or ‘coercive’ parenting fosters the opposite. Children need predictability from parents, together with consistent, clear and understandable limits. Inconsistent parenting is often present in families with a conduct disordered child, e.g. extremes of lax to harsh and unpredictable discipline, with the child not knowing from one day to the next what is expected from him or what punishment will follow, should he transgress that day’s rules. Any factors that add to stress and unpredictability in parenting will make clear and consistent parenting more difficult to implement. Parental mental illness has been shown to correlate with conduct disorder in children (Kazdin, 1997).
Psychological Disorders
Mohamed Ahmed Abd El-Hay in Understanding Psychology for Medicine and Nursing, 2019
Conduct disorder is defined as a repetitive and persistent pattern of behavior in which the basic rights of others or important age-appropriate societal norms or rules are violated. Disordered behaviors include aggression toward people or animals, destruction of property, deceitfulness, theft, or serious violations of rules (e.g., school truancy, running away from home overnight). Conduct disorder is the childhood equivalent of adult antisocial personality disorder. It is a common disorder in child outpatient psychiatric clinics and is frequently seen comorbid with ADHD or learning disorders. Parental separation or divorce, parental substance abuse, severely poor or inconsistent parenting, and association with a delinquent peer group have been shown to have some relationship to the development of conduct disorder.
Conduct disorder
MS Thambirajah in Case Studies in Child and Adolescent Mental Health, 2018
The central feature of CD is repetitive and persistent violations of age-appropriate social norms and rules or violation of other peoples’ rights. It is the presence of many antisocial behaviours and their persistence that is the hallmark of conduct disorder. In younger children this typically this includes severe temper outbursts, hitting and kicking people, destruction of property, disobeying of rules, lying, stealing and spitefulness. In older children and adolescents it may include behaviours such as frequent fighting, severe aggression, cruelty to people and animals, serious theft, truancy, intimidation of others, running away from home, drug misuse and arson. The various behaviours that come under the umbrella term ‘conduct disorder’ fall into four overlapping classes: aggression and defiance (fighting, physical violence); deceitfulness (stealing, breaking and entering); destruction to property (fire setting); and serious rule violations (truancy, running away). Table 12.1 summarises the main features of conduct disorder as described in DSM-IV.
Psychometric properties of the Weiss Functional Impairment Rating Scale parent and self-reports in a Norwegian clinical sample of adolescents treated for ADHD
Published in Nordic Journal of Psychiatry, 2021
Anne-Lise Juul Haugan, Anne Mari Sund, Per Hove Thomsen, Stian Lydersen, Torunn Stene Nøvik
The evaluation of functional impairment in addition to symptoms is imperative for identifying ADHD, guiding treatment planning and evaluating outcome. The aim of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Norwegian version of the WFIRS-S and WFIRS-P in an adolescent ADHD population. A second aim was to examine the questionnaires` clinical utility in the assessment of functional impairment in this patient group. Overall, the findings support the scale construction, the internal reliability and divergent validity of the Norwegian adaptation of both the WFIRS-S and the WFIRS-P. However, the fit of the model was not optimal. When we examined the score distribution of the items in the WFIRS questionnaires, four items were removed from the WFIRS-P and twelve items were removed from the WFIRS-S due to the high rate of ‘not applicable’ responses and/or a ‘floor effect’. These items were mainly from the family, work and risk domains and were considered ‘not applicable’ largely because of the young age of our sample (mean age 15.4 years). Many of the behavior and risk-related items are considered more relevant for adolescents with conduct disorders, a group underrepresented in our study population. Knowing that the inclusion of these items would improve the instruments clinical value when relevant, led us to keep them in the Norwegian version.
Reviewing the role of emerging therapies in the ADHD armamentarium
Published in Expert Opinion on Emerging Drugs, 2021
Ann C. Childress, Nathalie Beltran, Carl Supnet, Margaret D. Weiss
Comorbid diagnoses are common in patients with ADHD and may complicate treatment of ADHD [9]. A review of records for 1919 subjects diagnosed with ADHD at 18 European centers found that 66% had at least one comorbid psychiatric disorder, including learning disorders (56%), sleep disorders (23%), oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) (20%) and/or anxiety disorders (12%) [9]. Those with combined type ADHD and severe impairments were more likely to have comorbid diagnoses [9]. In a population study of children and adolescents, the most common comorbid conditions were anxiety disorders (37.9%) and behavior disorders (31%). Comorbid mood and anxiety disorders were more common among girls, but conduct disorder was more common among boys [10]. Adult ADHD is also highly comorbid with mood, behavior and substance disorders [11]. Substance use disorder (SUD) also commonly occurs in individuals who have ADHD. A meta-analysis of 29 studies found the overall prevalence of ADHD was 23.1% in subjects with SUD [12].
Current pharmacotherapy options for conduct disorders in adolescents and children
Published in Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy, 2019
Sohil Khan, John Down, Nisreen Aouira, William Bor, Alison Haywood, Robyn Littlewood, Helen Heussler, Brett McDermott
Conduct disorder (CD) is a diagnosis in both the ICD 10 [1] and DSM 5 [2] that applies to children under the age of 18 who exhibit 3 or more traits out of a total of 15. These are listed under four subheadings: (1) Aggression to people or animals; (2) Destruction of property; (3) Deceitfulness or theft and (4) Serious violation of rules. It applies when a persistent pattern of behavior has been present for more than 12 months and specifies that the behavior must cause a functional impairment in social or academic functioning. While 3 out of 15 criteria must have been present in the last 12 months, only one criterion needs to have been present in the last 6 months. The diagnosis may be applied to people over the age of 18 if they do not meet the criteria for antisocial personality disorder.
Related Knowledge Centers
- Adolescence
- Aggression
- Antisocial Personality Disorder
- Diagnostic & Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
- Oppositional Defiant Disorder
- Violence
- Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Mental Disorder
- Age Appropriateness
- Anti-Social Behaviour
- Diagnostic & Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders