Psychosocial Aspects of Diabetes
Jahangir Moini, Matthew Adams, Anthony LoGalbo in Complications of Diabetes Mellitus, 2022
With frequent panic attacks and avoidance behaviors, drug therapy plus intensive psychotherapy is needed. Antidepressants, benzodiazepines, and combinations of these can be helpful. When antidepressants are used with benzodiazepines, it is usually as an initial treatment. The benzodiazepines are slowly decreased in dosage and often eventually discontinued or used more sporadically. Some patients respond well only to combination therapy. Psychotherapies include exposure therapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy are also used together. Exposure therapy helps patients to directly experience and confront feared situations in a controlled environment, and reduce avoidance until the fear is extinguished. Cognitive-behavioral therapy teaches how to recognize and change distorted thoughts and false beliefs, and modify behaviors to become more adaptive to situations. With diabetes, treatment may also involve relaxation training incorporating slow breathing techniques while monitoring CO2 levels in order to prevent hyperventilation. Biofeedback is an additional therapeutic technique that can improve symptoms of anxiety or panic while reducing the respiratory rate. This method gives patients visible evidence of how they are improving, thus providing them with a sense of control over their symptoms. Breathing training is helpful in panic disorder whether there is or is not any concurrent respiratory problems.
Imagine the Future
Scott A. Simpson, Anna K. McDowell in The Clinical Interview, 2019
Constantly chasing a long list of individual problems is frustrating and unrewarding for the clinician and patient alike. This technique moves the clinical interview away from a laundry list of symptoms and towards goal setting and functioning. In cognitive behavior therapy, patients are taught to understand how their behaviors can improve how they feel and how they think about themselves and the world. Changing behaviors represents both a goal of treatment as well as a form of treatment itself. In the sample dialogue, the patient has a list of physical and emotional concerns. If this patient waits for all these issues—pain, anxiety, depression—to improve before trying to do the activities that give him joy, he is unlikely to feel better. It is difficult to feel good if you are not doing the things you enjoy! The clinician in this example did not let the patient get away with saying “less pain;” rather, the patient was pressed to behavioralize his answer.
Psychological therapies
Stanton Newman, Ray Fitzpatrick, Tracey A. Revenson, Suzanne Skevington, Gareth Williams in Understanding Rheumatoid Arthritis, 2005
In a recent major review, Parker et al. (1993) have concluded that cognitive behaviour therapy techniques are useful because they show improved health status for those with RA. Considering the outcome of nine studies which had used cognitive behaviour therapy techniques to treat adults with RA, they found that while many showed improvements at the end of treatment, most failed to sustain the benefits until follow-up. Furthermore, where improvement occurred, no single outcome measure was consistently sensitive to change; some studies found relief from pain, others saw improvements in emotional state, disability or disease activity. Many of the studies had some methodological limitation. The review reveals that cognitive behaviour therapy covers a very wide range of techniques. The absence of consensus about the quintessential components of a cognitive behaviour therapy programme is at present an impediment to the development of a streamlined programme which produces sustained benefits for RA patients.
The Effectiveness of Group-based Cognitive Hypnotherapy on the Psychological Well-being of Patients with Multiple Sclerosis: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Published in American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis, 2020
Mohammad Malekzadeh, Nazir Hashemi Mohammadabad, Shirali Kharamin, Sadegh Haghighi
Cognitive behavioral therapy focuses on changing unhelpful cognitive distortions, development of coping styles, problem solving, interpersonal relation skills and improving emotional regulation (Beck, 2011; Dorstyn, Mathias, & Denson, 2011; Hofmann, Asnaani, Vonk, Sawyer, & Fang, 2012). Cognitive behavioral therapy includes a wide range of cognitive and behavioral techniques such as cognitive restructuring, relaxation, guided imagery, managing life stressors, assertiveness training and problem solving methods (Josefowitz & Myran, 2017; Toner, 2005). Cognitive behavioral therapy has been used in various studies to reduce chronic pain, anxiety, depression, and sleep problems (Bailey, Carleton, Vlaeyen, & Asmundson, 2010; Brenes, Danhauer, Lyles, Anderson, & Miller, 2017; Brenes, Danhauer, Lyles, Hogan, & Miller, 2015; Dysvik, Kvaløy, Stokkeland, & Natvig, 2010).
Cognitive behavior stress management during pregnancy: a randomized controlled trial
Published in Contemporary Nurse, 2019
Jinzhi Li, Dongfang Shao, Xiaoyue Xu, Yu Zhang, Yumin Jiang, John Hall
Studies indicated that cognitive-behavioral stress management can be used to prevent and control the stress level (Granath, Ingvarsson, Von Thiele, & Lundberg, 2006). Elements of cognitive-behavior therapy include cognitive restructuring, raising awareness about stress, relaxation training, problem-solving training, self-management and adequate social support. Of these, cognitive restructuring is the most important component in stress management theory (Abbasian, Najimi, Meftagh, Ghasemi, & Afshar, 2014). It includes two goals: (1) to accept the existence of stress events, as well as its harm to health, and (2) to provide effective methods to relieve stress (Palmer, Henderson, Sanders, Keown, & White, 2013). Cognitive-behavioral stress management has been applied successfully in many physical and emotional conditions, such as cancer (Gudenkauf et al., 2015), depression (Abbasian et al., 2014; Antoni et al., 2001), insomnia (Sánchez-Ortuño & Edinger, 2012), and heroin-dependent individuals (Zhuang, An & Zhao, 2014). Similarly, cognitive-behavioral interventions have also been used to improve sleep quality and heart rate variability in patients with major depression (Chien, Chung, Yeh, & Lee, 2015).
Challenges and Solutions to Implementing a Community-Based Wellness Program for Non-Offending Minor Attracted Persons
Published in Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 2022
Theodore Jackson, Koushank Ahuja, Gilian Tenbergen
PPD was founded in Germany in 2005 to provide supportive treatment to pedophilic and hebephilic individuals (MAPs) residing in the community. Dunkelfeld is a German term that translates to dark field. The PPD differs in one relevant way from prevention efforts in other countries: individuals with “dark-field” or offenses that have not been identified can still seek treatment without fear of uniform mandatory reporting. The project adheres to the slogan “You are not guilty of your sexual desire, but you are responsible for your sexual behavior. There is help! Don’t become an offender!” Out of the 1,134 people who responded to PPD by 2010, 499 had completed the intake diagnostic procedure, and 255 were offered therapy. The therapy offered is divided into three categories. Patients are encouraged to stop denying their sexual inclination and integrate it into their self-concept and involve family in the therapeutic process. Cognitive behavioral therapy helps in improving coping skills, stress management, and sexual attitudes (Beier, Ahlers et al., 2009; Beier et al., 2015; Beier, Neutze et al., 2009; Schaefer et al., 2010). PPD helped researchers understand a lot about people who are attracted to minors and how they can be provided with treatment and other supportive services.
Related Knowledge Centers
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