Child development and health care
Devinder Rana, Dominic Upton in Psychology for Nurses, 2013
Children are not merely small versions of adults. Although this statement looks rather simplistic and obvious, it was not until the 1930s that the view of the child as a miniature adult began to be challenged. Prior to this period it was assumed that children thought in the same way as adults, but had less knowledge simply because they had less experience. Jean Piaget (1896–1980), a Swiss psychologist, was instrumental in changing this perspective. He argued that children did not simply learn through a behavioural process of punishment and reward (see Chapter 2) but that children's minds developed over time – not smoothly but in qualitatively different stages. At certain points children's thinking ‘takes off’ and moves into completely new areas and capabilities. These transitional stages take place at about 18 months, 7 years and 11–12 years. Each of these corresponds to certain stages of child development. Before these ages, children are incapable – irrespective of how intelligent they are – of understanding things in certain ways.
Brief interventions with parental couples – II
Björn Salomonsson in Psychodynamic Interventions in Pregnancy and Infancy, 2018
McHale and Rasmussen (1998) bring out three qualities in a couple’s relationship that predict the child’s future adjustment: hostility and competition in coparenting, discrepancies in the parents’ involvement, and warmth. They assessed parents and their infants playing together. They found that hostility between parents at this early stage predicted aggression in the children, even as assessed by their preschool teachers, when they had reached the age of 4. A similar link was found between early inter-parent discrepancies with later child anxiety. Since there was also a continuity of marital quality from infancy to preschool years, the authors found “evidence for the coherence of certain family ‘themes’ over time” (p. 52) which, also, were linked with child development from infancy to childhood. A more recent study (Gallegos, Murphy, Benner, Jacobvitz, & Hazen, 2016) extends these associations backwards by also assessing expectant parents’ negative affects. They found a continuity from prenatal marital negativity to mother- and father-withdrawal from the infant at 8 months old. These links continued, especially among fathers, up to the children’s emotion regulation at 2 years old.
The Prenatal Environment and Birth Complications
Gail S. Anderson in Biological Influences on Criminal Behavior, 2019
A vast number of studies have looked at the effects of birth complications on future behavior, and many have found links, often quite strong links, between antisocial behavior and birth complications; however, another major factor that must be included is the environment in which the child grows up. Environment in child development obviously has a major influence. Early brain and central nervous system damage may have no effect on a child raised in a good and stable environment. Longitudinal studies have shown that prenatal and perinatal complications had negligible or no long-term effects in advantaged families, whereas in disadvantaged families, they did predict problems.5 Alternatively, a child with behavioral problems associated with birth complications may be more difficult to parent. It has been demonstrated that children with neurological problems have an increased risk for parental child abuse and often receive harsher disciplinary measures than normal children, so it is possible that the birth complications are only indirectly responsible for the delinquent behavior, with the negative and unsupportive child-rearing environment having a greater effect.6
The validity and reliability of the ADL-Glittre test for children
Published in Physiotherapy Theory and Practice, 2019
Renata Martins, Maíra S. de Assumpção, Tatiana G. Bobbio, Anamaria F. Mayer, Camila Schivinski
This was the first study to propose an adaptation to the TGlittre for children (Figure 1), as well as to verify the validity and reliability of this test, which could be confirmed in this study population. Child development is characterized by continuous changes in the body. These changes are both physical and psychosocial, and can influence physical activities and weight support. For this reason, children should do age-appropriate activities. Their natural patterns of movement differ from those of adults (Malina, Bouchard, and Bar-Or, 2004). Thus, the TGlittre for adults was adapted to evaluate ADL in children. In order to capture children’s attention, the TGlittre was adapted to more playful and attractive tasks. One of the adaptations was the use of colored bowling pins filled with sand, instead of common and simple objects. Another adaptation was placing the objects according to the children´s height. Ultimately, the backpack load and the weight of the objects were changed to reflect the various stages of development of the children (both physical and mental) as well as gains in muscular strength (Malina, Bouchard, and Bar-Or, 2004). These adaptations of the TGlittre showed satisfactory results, as all children seemed to be fully engaged, showing great enthusiasm during the test. In addition, the tasks were performed accordingly by all children.
Effects of health promotion program on maternal attachment, parenting self-efficacy, infant development: a randomised controlled trial
Published in Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 2022
Figen Turk Dudukcu, Fatma Tas Arslan
It signifies a loving bond between mother and baby. Attachment is one of the most important promoting factors in healthy infant development (Scharfe 2012). Mothers who have higher maternal attachment levels were sensitive, tender and participating parents, affecting the development of the baby positively in their early infancy period (Alhusen et al. 2013). Healthy attachment plays a key role in infant development (Brumariu 2015). Child development is defined as an orderly progression of skills (Grantham-McGregor et al. 2007). Parenting interventions early in life have beneficial effects on children’s developments that can extend into adulthood (Engle et al. 2011). Improving maternal- infant attachment positively affects both infant development (Maas et al. 2016) and parental self-efficacy (Branjerdporn et al. 2017; Delavari et al. 2018). A study that examines the relationship between attachment and parental self-efficacy are recommended (Delavari et al. 2018).
Gross motor disorders in pediatric patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia and survivors: A systematic review
Published in Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, 2022
Juliette Marie Brito-Suárez, Fernanda Camacho-Juárez, Carlos Maximiliano Sánchez-Medina, Gabriela Hernández-Pliego, Claudia Gutiérrez-Camacho
Gross motor skills are those that use large muscles that allow body movement: walking, running, jumping, and balance. These movements are essential to child development as they lead to the achievement of school activities, play, social interaction7 and allow the establishment of patterns of physical activity that remain until adulthood8. During cancer treatment, some basic gross motor skills are affected, mostly those required to climb, ball skills (aiming and catching), as well as to keep balance9. In survivors, disorders in strength and knee and leg flexibility until 20 years after treatment have been reported10; in addition to low adherence to physical activity recommendations and inactive lifestyle with widely described metabolic and cardiovascular risks11.
Related Knowledge Centers
- Adolescence
- Autonomy
- Developmental Psychology
- Development of The Human Body
- Psychology
- Genetics
- Prenatal Development
- Pediatrics
- Developmental Biology
- Infant