Treatment of Psychological Disorders
Mohamed Ahmed Abd El-Hay in Understanding Psychology for Medicine and Nursing, 2019
Behavior therapy refers to a number of therapeutic methods that are based on the principles of learning, and assume that maladaptive behaviors are learned ways of coping with stress and can be replaced by more appropriate adaptive responses through learning techniques. The achievement of insight is not a goal, and it is not necessary to ensure behavioral change in behavior therapy, e.g., a person with social phobia may overcome fears without having insight about their origin. Behavior therapies attempt to modify behaviors that are maladaptive in specific situations. The behaviors to be changed are specified, first, then the therapist and client prepare a specific treatment program, for the particular problem. Behavior therapy is usually a short duration therapy, lasting about 6–8 weeks. Behavior therapists are easy to train and training is usually cost-effective. Some of the important behavioral techniques will be described briefly.
Individual psychotherapy and neurorehabilitation approaches
Tamara Ownsworth in Self-Identity after Brain Injury, 2014
However, findings of the recent Communication and Low Mood (CALM) stroke study by Thomas and colleagues (2013) are very promising. A sample of 105 people with aphasia and ‘low mood’ (screened for using two brief self-report measures) were randomly allocated to behavioural therapy (n = 51) or usual care (n = 51). The behavioural therapy over three months (3–18 sessions) was home-based and combined supported communication, education, activity monitoring and scheduling and graded task assignments. After controlling for baseline functioning, behavioural therapy was associated with a significantly greater reduction in depression (self and observer rated) and higher self-esteem (Visual Analogue Self-Esteem Scale) at postintervention and 3-months follow-up than usual care. The benefits of intervention did not extend to improvement in leisure participation or reduction in caregiver strain. It is noteworthy that the session content, intensity and duration of behavioural therapy varied considerably, as decided upon by the therapist, and therefore the mechanisms underlying improvement in psychological status need to be further investigated.
Tension-type headache: diagnosis and treatment
Stephen D. Silberstein, Richard B. Upton, Peter J. Goadsby in Headache in Clinical Practice, 2018
Two main variations of cognitive–behavioural therapy have been developed. In the original formulation, Holroyd and colleagues focused on altering maladaptive cognitive responses that were assumed to mediate the occurrence of headaches.138,139 In contrast, Bakal et al developed a treatment approach that emphasized modifying the stress reactions that are associated with headaches (feelings of helplessness, anxiety, and fear) rather than modifying stress reactions to environmental and interpersonal events.140 The goal of cognitive therapy is to teach patients to identify and challenge dysfunctional thoughts and sub-sequently the underlying maladaptive assumptions and beliefs.135,141,142
Psychological interventions for treating neuropsychiatric consequences of acquired brain injury: A systematic review
Published in Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 2019
Daan P. J. Verberne, Peggy J. J. Spauwen, Caroline M. van Heugten
A total of 678 unique patients met the inclusion criteria. In the 43 studies, the sample size varied from 1 to 180, with a mean overall sample size of 16 patients and a median of two per study. The most studied population was TBI patients, who were examined in 25 studies. Other study populations included stroke patients (five studies), patients with subarachnoid haemorrhages (two studies) or patients with hypoxia (one study). Eleven studies examined patients with ABI or, in other words, mixed samples. Sixteen different kinds of interventions were studied, of which Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) was the focus of 14 studies and behavioural management techniques in 12 studies. Anger management sessions were addressed in four studies and multifactorial interventions were investigated in two studies. Twelve other kinds of interventions were studied once (see Tables 1–4 for more detailed descriptions of interventions). Of the 47 studies across the domains of interest (including studies examining effects on multiple neuropsychiatric consequences), 37 (78.7%) showed significant decreases or clinically relevant decreases on at least one outcome measure.
Cognitive behavior stress management during pregnancy: a randomized controlled trial
Published in Contemporary Nurse, 2019
Jinzhi Li, Dongfang Shao, Xiaoyue Xu, Yu Zhang, Yumin Jiang, John Hall
Studies indicated that cognitive-behavioral stress management can be used to prevent and control the stress level (Granath, Ingvarsson, Von Thiele, & Lundberg, 2006). Elements of cognitive-behavior therapy include cognitive restructuring, raising awareness about stress, relaxation training, problem-solving training, self-management and adequate social support. Of these, cognitive restructuring is the most important component in stress management theory (Abbasian, Najimi, Meftagh, Ghasemi, & Afshar, 2014). It includes two goals: (1) to accept the existence of stress events, as well as its harm to health, and (2) to provide effective methods to relieve stress (Palmer, Henderson, Sanders, Keown, & White, 2013). Cognitive-behavioral stress management has been applied successfully in many physical and emotional conditions, such as cancer (Gudenkauf et al., 2015), depression (Abbasian et al., 2014; Antoni et al., 2001), insomnia (Sánchez-Ortuño & Edinger, 2012), and heroin-dependent individuals (Zhuang, An & Zhao, 2014). Similarly, cognitive-behavioral interventions have also been used to improve sleep quality and heart rate variability in patients with major depression (Chien, Chung, Yeh, & Lee, 2015).
Overloaded and overlooked: Improving resident advisors' self-care
Published in Journal of American College Health, 2018
It is important for RAs to understand the necessity of self-care at the outset of assuming this challenging position. The primary method being proposed herein for incorporating behavioral interventions into housing programs that target improving self-care for RAs will be through using behavior change plans (BCP). BCPs are grounded in behavior therapy and social cognitive theory which provide individuals with a set of principles and techniques to modify their behaviors in order to increase healthy habits.25 Intentionality and a change in mindset (i.e., increased self-efficacy) are considered to be crucial to consistent behavior change.26 Two important components of behavior modification are self-regulation and goal-setting. Of the two, self-regulation is the most essential component of behavior therapy because it causes individuals to monitor their behavior patterns.26
Related Knowledge Centers
- Behaviorism
- Classical Conditioning
- Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
- Cognitive Restructuring
- Cognitive Therapy
- Habituation
- Operant Conditioning
- Psychotherapy
- Licensed Behavior Analyst
- Reinforcement