Introduction to health promotion
David Conrad, Alan White, Ian Banks in Men’s Health – How to Do it, 2018
The behaviour change approach focusses on individual behaviours – reducing, elimi nating, commencing or increasing certain behaviours dependent on the nature of the behaviour in question and whether it impacts negatively or positively on health. The educational approach aims to provide knowledge and information so that people can develop skills and make informed choices about their health and their health behaviour (Naidoo & Wills 2000). The empowerment approach is key to promoting health and at the forefront of the WHO agenda as previously identified. It is about increasing people’s power and control over their lives to make a difference to their health experience. Empowerment may occur at an individual or community level. An example of working in a more empowering way with communities is the community development approach. The social change approach is concerned with addressing the wider environment impacting on health, taking into account factors such as economics, environment and politics.
Shaping built environments for community health
Ben Y.F. Fong, Martin C.S. Wong in The Routledge Handbook of Public Health and the Community, 2021
Individual behaviour is transactional in nature with the environment as a consequence of repeating cycles of reciprocal or mutual influence (King et al., 2002). Models of health behaviour change, maintain the importance of the effect of the internal and social environment on health behaviour, and despite the acknowledgement of mutual influencer, the significance of the built environment is less conspicuous (Sallis et al., 2006). Increasingly, more comprehensive understandings as to the reciprocal relationship between the built environment and community health are being presented (Nykiforuk et al., 2013; Schulz et al., 2018). More work however is needed to understand how these relations play out in the social ecologies of people’s lives.
Approach to the Overweight and Obese Patient
David Heber, Zhaoping Li in Primary Care Nutrition, 2017
The stages of change are as follows: (1) precontemplation (unaware of the problem), (2) contemplation (aware of the problem and wants to change), (3) preparation (intends to take action), (4) action (practices the desired behavior), and (5) maintenance (works to sustain behavior change). For stage 1, it is important to point out issues around obesity and overweight in a health context. The psychosocial morbidity of obesity makes patients extremely sensitive, and leading a careful conversation to draw out the awareness of the patient is helpful and is called motivational interviewing in the obesity literature. For stage 2, there is a common 10-point scale used to determine readiness to change. For stage 3, it is important to establish a date to begin the new changed behaviors. For stage 4, the actions have to be very simple. Sometimes, there is too much nutrition information given, so that patients are confused as to what to do. I typically provide them with a “trigger foods list” that contains the foods they should not eat and, together with a dietitian, develop a daily diet at a personalized calorie level in the form of a daily menu of foods to eat.
Barriers and facilitators to implementation of early mobilisation of critically ill patients in Zimbabwean and South African public sector hospitals: a qualitative study
Published in Disability and Rehabilitation, 2022
Cathrine Tadyanemhandu, Heleen van Aswegen, Veronica Ntsiea
The findings of the study identified influences on behaviour in the implementation of an evidence based practice. Behaviour change has been identified to be a key element when it comes to improving healthcare and healthcare outcomes [64]. The TDF was used in this study as it was seen to provide a broad perspective and means of understanding the implementation problems and potential solutions in the theoretical terms [26,64]. The advantage of using this framework is that it makes links between theories of behaviour change and it has a comprehensive coverage of possible influences on behaviour [64], thereby providing explicit statements of the structural and psychological process hypothesised to regulate behaviour and behaviour change [26]. Findings from this study may then be used in the designing and evaluation of interventions targeted at implementation of early mobilisation practice as an evidence based practice.
Initiation and maintenance of behaviour change to support memory and brain health in older adults: A randomized controlled trial
Published in Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 2022
Susan Vandermorris, April Au, Sandra Gardner, Angela K. Troyer
The implementation of key lifestyle and memory behaviours, therefore, has the potential to produce significant, meaningful changes in brain health and functioning for older adults. Effecting behavioural change can be a challenge, however, and requires an understanding of the factors that promote behaviour change. Theories of self-regulation and behaviour change posit that different factors guide the decision to initiate versus maintain behaviours (Rothman, 2000; Rothman et al., 2011). Individuals may decide to initiate new behaviours when they appreciate the potential benefits of those behaviours and create favourable expectations about their outcomes. Decisions to maintain new behaviours, on the other hand, are based on satisfaction with the outcomes of the behaviour. Group interventions can be used to enhance these decision-making processes by, for example, providing evidence that supports the effectiveness of the behaviours, affording opportunities to practice new behaviours, promoting self-efficacy, facilitating cost–benefit analysis, and ensuring that participants have successful experiences with the new behaviours. A variety of behaviour change strategies, therefore, are needed to ensure the success of interventions in producing lasting behavioural change.
Like I said, I would not have likely gotten up otherwise: patient experiences of using an Activity Board after abdominal cancer surgery
Published in Disability and Rehabilitation, 2023
Andrea Porserud, Mari Lundberg, Johanna Eriksson, Malin Nygren Bonnier, Maria Hagströmer
The analysis showed that the participants discussed the following behaviour change techniques: goal-setting, self-monitoring, feedback and rewards. Changing or supporting a behaviour, in this case mobilisation and breathing exercises, can be difficult. In 2008, Abraham and Michie constructed a taxonomy on behaviour change techniques to use in interventions, and the Activity Board used in our study includes several of these techniques [11]. The participants perceived that goal-setting should be a joint effort by the physiotherapist and patient. This opinion is in accord with research suggesting that person-centred goal-setting should be one part of person-centred care in physiotherapy [25]. The importance of daily goal-setting has also been acknowledged by patients undergoing colorectal surgery [26]. In addition, our analysis showed that the participants perceived that the red and green magnets on the Activity Board gave them an easy way to self-monitor their mobilisation and breathing exercises. Lately, it has been shown that, among behaviour change techniques, self-monitoring was the most commonly used technique associated with increased physical activity [27]. Reward is also a behaviour change technique and, for the Activity Board, the golden star is the most visible reward. Some participants thought the star's simplicity was appealing, whereas others perceived it as somewhat ludicrous. Some participants even saw the star as an insult. Consequently, the way rewards are given in relation to the Activity Board could be further elaborated on, such as in a more person-centred manner.
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