Psychotic disorders
Bhaskar Punukollu, Michael Phelan, Anish Unadkat in MRCPsych Part 1 In a Box, 2019
Auditory hallucinations: Hearing thoughts repeated out loudIn the third personAs a running commentaryMade AffectMade WillMade VolitionsThought InsertionThought BroadcastThought WithdrawalDelusional PerceptionSomatic Passivity.
Symptom Management Framework
David B. Cooper, Jo Cooper in Palliative Care Within Mental Health, 2018
In addition, it is extremely important that the treating professionals regularly assess, and re-evaluate the nature of the presenting symptom. Failure to do so may deflect from identification of cause and associated factors of aetiological significance. In Steve’s case a diagnosis of schizophrenia may lead to a presumption that the ‘voices’ as reported are psychotic in nature, and by virtue of this fact, that the cause is in some way related to the primary diagnosis (albeit acknowledging that such a diagnosis of schizophrenia is one of a diagnosis of exclusion). However, voices manifest in a variety of guises and intrusive worries and thoughts may present as and be described as ‘voices’. The treatment approach to the latter would be very different than the treatment of true auditory hallucinations.
Assessment
David F. O'Connell in Dual Disorders, 2014
Distortions of perception (hallucinations) may involve the auditory, visual, or tactile senses and may occur in numerous conditions, including intoxication, withdrawal, schizophrenia, bipolar illness, and major depression. Visual and tactile hallucinations most often indicateLan organic or cognitive condition (for example, the snakes on the wall or the crawling skin in delirium tremens). Auditory hallucinations are often associated with nonorganic psychiatric illnesses. One notable exception is the common experience of hearing one's name called during chemical withdrawal. The best way to find out whether a patient is hallucinating and in what way is to ask the patient. Any report of hallucinations should be referred for complete evaluation.
Hearing Distressing Voices Simulation: Students’ Perspectives
Published in Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 2019
Hyun Jung Kim, Danuta M. Wojnar
Among psychotic symptoms, auditory hallucinations are reported to be the most commonly observed in patients with schizophrenia in clinical settings (Bauer et al., 2011). The challenge, however, is that auditory hallucinations are highly subjective, personal experiences (Beavan & Read, 2010; Woods, Jones, Alderson-Day, Callard, & Fernyhough, 2015) and can be concealed from the outside world (Vilhauer, 2017). Creating the experience of voice-hearing in a realistic way for non-voice hearers offers nurses and other healthcare providers insight into what is like to live with psychotic symptoms such as auditory hallucinations. The experience of having ‘walked a mile in the shoes of another’ can offer caregivers greater empathy, enhance their potential for establishing a therapeutic relationship, and foster their competence in providing effective individualised care.
Anxiety and Adverse Life Events in Professional Creative and Early Psychosis Populations
Published in Psychiatry, 2020
Julie Crabtree, Jennifer L. Hudson, Toby Newton-John
Anxiety disorders often precede psychosis partly due to their early presentation (Yung et al., 2003). In a systematic review of studies investigating the relationship between current anxiety symptoms and psychosis, delusions and hallucination (Hartley et al., 2013), the authors noted that anxiety is specifically related to the severity of paranoia and delusions. Furthermore, anxiety was linked to an increase in auditory hallucinations (Delespaul et al., 2002). One possible explanation for the association between anxiety and psychotic symptoms is that anxiety increases safety behavior, which is driven and reinforced by paranoid beliefs (Freeman et al., 2007). In non-clinical populations, anxiety was found to moderate the relationship between experimentally induced stress and paranoia; indicating that those with elevated anxiety and at times of elevated stress, were more likely to experience paranoia and vulnerability to psychosis (Lincoln et al., 2009). In further support of the link between anxiety and psychoses, elevated rates of comorbid anxiety have been identified in Scz and BP populations. Merikangas et al. (2007) report that as many as 86.7% of bipolar patients (BP1) may have lifetime comorbid anxiety disorders. Cosoff and Hafner (1998) also recorded a similarly high one-month prevalence of anxiety disorders (42–45%) across 100 Scz, SczA, and BP inpatients.
A Critical Review of Standardized Measures of Hypnotic Suggestibility
Published in International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis, 2021
David J. Acunzo, Devin B. Terhune
Embedded within an individual’s behavioral response to a suggestion are two phenomenological dimensions pertaining to the experiential concomitants of the response (i.e., attendant qualia). In addition to the dimension of involuntariness described above (Bowers, 1981), responses can differ in verisimilitude, the perceived reality of the suggested experience (Terhune et al., 2017; Woody & Szechtman, 2007). For instance, a suggestion for an auditory hallucination may or may not generate an experience as real as an auditory stimulus. The extent to which these dimensions are distinct remains poorly understood, and it may be better to think of certain suggestions as evoking one type of experience more than the other (Barnier et al., 2008; Polito et al., 2014).
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