Psychological and neurobiological processes in coping with pain
Philip N. Murphy in The Routledge International Handbook of Psychobiology, 2018
Furthermore, effects of more ambiguous interactions on pain were often found to be shaped by individual differences in personality variables linked to the perceived availability of others to meet one’s needs. As postulated by attachment theory, variations in early experiences with the attachment partner give rise to the development of different “attachment styles” or classifications (see Main, Kaplan, & Cassidy, 1985), which remain relatively stable across the lifespan (Waters, Merrick, Treboux, Crowell, & Albersheim, 2000) and extend to adult romantic relationships (Hazan & Shaver, 1987). Attachment styles comprise internal working models of relationships, organising and representing how the individual views the self and others (Main et al., 1985). At a neural level, these styles have been linked to functional neuroanatomical differences (Vrticka & Vuilleumier, 2012) and influence sensitivity to the attachment-related neuropeptide oxytocin (Meinlschmidt & Heim, 2007; see also below) as well as functional connectivity between brain networks (Riem et al., 2013).
The Child in the Family of a Drug-Using Father
Shulamith Lala Ashenberg Straussner, Christine Huff Fewell in Impact of Substance Abuse on Children and Families, 2012
Two instruments were administered to the adults. Attachment was measured using the Adult Attachment Style Classification Questionnaire (Mikulincer, Florian, & Tolmacz, 1990). This is the Hebrew version of Hazan and Shaver’s (1987) instrument. It includes three brief statements designed as direct adult analogue of Ainsworth’s classification of attachment types in infancy. Each statement contains a description of feelings and attitudes that characterize one of the three attachment styles. In the Hebrew version, Mikulincer, Florian, and Tolmacz (1990) broke down these three statements and composed a continuous measure consisting of 15 sentences, five for each attachment style, based on Likert-type scales ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 7 (strongly agree). Cronbach’s alpha for each of the attachment styles yielded a high internal consistency (secure style: α = .85; anxious/ambivalent style: α = .79; avoidant style: α = .83). The Hebrew instrument was validated in several studies (e.g., Mikulincer, 1997).
Transition to motherhood
Alison Brodrick, Emma Williamson in Listening to Women After Childbirth, 2020
It is well established that the ‘blueprint’ for relationships that is established through these early attachment relationships go on to form the pattern for an individual’s future adult relationships. John Bowlby, who initially developed the idea of attachment theory in the 1950s, described how this early attachment relationship becomes an ‘internal working model’ for future relationships. This is an idea which has been borne out by a vast array of research ever since, showing that our attachment style affects our romantic relationships, friendships, health, career and a range of other dimensions. As the psychologist Theodore Waters describes, ‘there is a thread connecting life in your mother’s arms and life in your lover’s arms’ (2004, p. 4).
Effect of attachment styles, emotional regulation difficulty and mindful attention levels on treatment motivation in patients with substance use disorder
Published in Journal of Substance Use, 2021
Merve Sevim Tekin, Nurgül Özdemir, Şengül Kocamer Şahin
Attachment can be defined as a strong emotional bond that a person deems important to themselves and has developed toward others (Bolwby, 1980). According to attachment theory, the relationship established by the caregiver at an early age is thought to play a decisive role in the person’s future feelings, thoughts, and behaviors (Aydoğdu & Olcay Çam, 2013). There are four types of attachment styles: secure, obsessed, indifferent, and fearful. Individuals with secure attachment are more successful and functional in coping with stressful situations in life (Terzi & Çankaya, 2016). It has been observed that adolescents with insecure attachment style (anxious and avoidant) have high-risk behaviors (Morsünbül & Çok, 2011), and therefore turn to substance use as a coping strategy (Cooper et al., 1998). Likewise, attachment, a motivational and behavioral system, may also be important for treatment motivation in patients with SUD. It is thought that attachment styles perspective may also promise to make it effective to treat patients with SUD (Schindler & Bröning, 2015).
Child and Adult Attachment Styles among Individuals Who Have Committed Filicide: The Case for Examining Attachment by Gender
Published in International Journal of Forensic Mental Health, 2020
L. Eriksson, U. Arnautovska, S. McPhedran, P. Mazerolle, R. Wortley
Thus, the aim of the current study was to examine child and adult attachment styles of women and men who kill their children and to identify potential preventive actions in families with higher risk for filicide. We used in-depth data with 18 women and men convicted of killing their child (‘filicide’) and 283 women and men convicted of a homicide other than filicide (‘non-filicide homicide’). We focused on six main areas: 1) attachment styles to primary caregivers in childhood; 2) developmental contexts (abuse and neglect) in which various forms of child attachment appear; 3) associations between insecure attachment in childhood and perpetration of non-lethal past abuse toward the victim(s) killed; 4) attachment styles to romantic partners; 5) continuity of insecure attachment from childhood to adulthood; and 6) perceived social support and mental health assessment/treatment in the year leading up to the homicide. Importantly, we analyzed these patterns across gender of the respondent. In addition, to determine if the findings related to attachment, childhood abuse and neglect, etc. were specific to individuals who committed filicide, we compared them to individuals who committed non-filicide homicide.
Self-Esteem in 12-Step Recovery; Theoretical History, Evidence, and Implications for Future Research
Published in Alcoholism Treatment Quarterly, 2021
Austin McNeill Brown, Mariah Brennan Nanni, Onawa P. LaBelle
Adult attachment is another broad psychological construction that has roots in attachment theory originally pioneered by Ainsworth (1969) and Bowlby (1973, 1980, 1982). Attachment theory ostensibly states that the styles of bonds formed in early childhood with the primary caregiver influences later adult styles of intimacy with others (i.e. anxious, avoidant, more secure attachment styles). LaBelle and Edelstein (2018) discovered that gratitude exerted positive influence on avoidant attachment styles, possibly allowing those who are socially avoidant to better participate within social practices of 12-Step groups. We hypothesize that SE would negatively correlate with anxious or avoidant attachment styles and perhaps both, thus highlighting the central importance of SE as a key intrapersonal variable.
Related Knowledge Centers
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