Sleep Disturbances and Mental Disorders
Zippi Dolev, Mordechai Zalesch, Judy Kupferman in Sleep and Women's Health, 2019
There are several types of anxiety disorders: Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD): Continuous and exaggerated worrying about almost every occurrence in life.Panic attacks: Short and strong attacks characterized by an acute sense of fear, loss of control, and at times even the fear of a heart attack or of going crazy. In addition, physical symptoms such as accelerated heartbeat, sweating, and trembling may appear.Phobia: Excessive fear of an object or a situation such as animals, flights, elevators, speaking in public, crowded places, and heights, which leads to avoidance.Obsessive-compulsive disorder: Obsessive thoughts and uncontrolled repetitive behavior, such as extremely long hand washing to prevent contracting a disease, repetitive checks of locked doors or switched off ovens.
Seeking Help for Mental Health Problems Early
Leanne Rowe, Michael Kidd in Every Doctor, 2018
Types of anxiety disorder include: persistent excessive or unrealistic worries which interfere with life, work or activities (generalised anxiety disorder)uncontrollable compulsions or obsessions, including overchecking, fear of germs, overcleaning, overcounting and repeating routine activities and actions (obsessive compulsive disorder)intense excessive worry related to social situations (social anxiety disorder)panic attacks (panic disorder)an intensely irrational fear of everyday objects and situations (phobia)
Running
Ira Glick, Danielle Kamis, Todd Stull in The ISSP Manual of Sports Psychiatry, 2018
For almost all anxiety disorders, if medications are deemed appropriate, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are the treatment of choice. SSRIs with fewer side effects, for example, weight gain or sedation, which could be problematic for runners, should be utilized first. Sports psychiatrists have expressed preferences for fluoxetine when asked for their SSRI of choice for any psychiatric disorder (Baum, 2000), and in a more recent study, for escitalopram for anxiety disorders in particular (Reardon & Creado, 2016). Escitalopram has not specifically been studied in athletes. Also of note, one small study of buspirone in endurance athletes found that perceived exertion was higher following buspirone administration, and time to volitional fatigue fell significantly, compared to placebo (Marvin, Sharma, Aston, Field, Kendall, & Jones, 1997). While this study involved cyclists and not runners, these findings may suggest that buspirone should not be a first-line treatment for anxiety in endurance runners.
Early outcomes, associated factors and predictive values of clinical outcomes of tandospirone in generalized anxiety disorder: a post-hoc analysis of a randomized, controlled, multicenter clinical trial
Published in Current Medical Research and Opinion, 2023
Yi Fu, Jian Lin Ji, Shen Xun Shi, Hai Yin Zhang, Guo Zhen Lin, Ying Li Zhang, Xiuli Li, Wen Yuan Wu
Anxiety disorder is a common mental disorder characterized by repeated intense worry, fear and tension. A previous epidemiological survey in China showed that the incidence of anxiety disorder is as high as 4.98%1. Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), the most common subtype of anxiety disorder, refers to uncontrollable persistent worry and nervousness, lacking clear goals and specific content, often accompanied by autonomic symptoms, muscle tension, motor restlessness and other behavioral symptoms. Patients with GAD have a poor quality of life and severely impaired social adaptation2. Epidemiological studies showed that GAD has an annual prevalence of 2% in adults in the community, and a prevalence of more than 10% in the primary care setting, which is more common in women and has a high comorbidity rate with other psychiatric disorders3. GAD mostly has a chronic course with repeated and persistent symptoms, which can not only lead to disability but also constitute a risk factor for the occurrence or progression of various physical diseases and increase the risk of adverse outcomes such as suicide and death4,5. With the rapid socioeconomic development and gradually increasing life and work pressure, the incidence of GAD currently shows a significant upward trend6.
Omega-3 fatty acids and anxiety: A systematic review of the possible mechanisms at play
Published in Nutritional Neuroscience, 2020
Ashley R. Polokowski, Haque Shakil, Cheryl L. Carmichael, Laura C. Reigada
Anxiety disorders are generally defined as the presence of excessive or uncontrollable fear in response to a real or imagined stimuli and is associated with prolonged distress and functional impairment.1 These disorders affect one in 14 individuals globally2 and can adversely impact an individuals’ quality of life, social relationships, occupational and academic pursuits, and pose a fourfold increased risk of developing a comorbid psychological condition.3,4 Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and psychotropic medications are efficacious treatments for anxiety disorders.5 These treatment approaches are successful in up to 70% of individuals, though the remaining subset prematurely discontinues treatment or fails to achieve symptom reduction.6 Interventions can be costly, time-consuming,7 and difficult to tolerate (e.g., exposure exercises, side effects).8,9 Given these limitations, therapeutic lifestyle interventions are being explored as potential treatment options for anxiety.10
Knowledge and Opinions of Fitness to Stand Trial Elements in Australia
Published in International Journal of Forensic Mental Health, 2021
Grant Alan Blake, James Ogloff, Rachael Fullam
The Personal History items queried past and present mental illnesses, criminal history, and neurological conditions (e.g., stroke, head injuries). Regarding mental illness, participants could select if they had been currently and/or historically diagnosed with any of the following conditions: Depression, anxiety, posttraumatic stress disorder, bipolar disorder, psychotic spectrum disorder, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, autism, learning disability, intellectual disability, conduct disorder, and personality disorder. Examples of each condition were provided for numerous categories, such as social anxiety disorder, obsessive compulsive disorder, separation anxiety disorder and generalized anxiety disorder for the anxiety option. Neurological conditions (e.g., stroke, brain injury, memory problems) were listed separately.
Related Knowledge Centers
- Agoraphobia
- Anxiety
- Generalized Anxiety Disorder
- Hypochondriasis
- Panic Disorder
- Separation Anxiety Disorder
- Mental Disorder
- Fear
- Specific Phobia
- Social Anxiety Disorder