Anxiety and somatoform disorders
Laeth Sari Nasir, Arwa K Abdul-Haq in Caring for Arab Patients, 2018
Acute stress disorder is characterized by an exposure to a traumatic event or experience involving intense horror, fear or helplessness. The event usually involves a threat of death and/or a serious threat to physical integrity. It may have happened to the person or to others around him or her. Three or more of these symptoms are experienced: loss of emotions or numbing, depersonalization, derealization, dissociative amnesia and diminished awareness of surroundings. The event is re-experienced as distressing memories, recurrent nightmares, flashbacks, hallucinations, illusions, hypervigilance, hyperarousal, and an avoidance of anything associated with the trauma. The timeframe in this diagnosis is crucial: these symptoms last between two days to four weeks. If they persist for longer than that, then a diagnosis of PTSD is more likely.
Clinical Theory and Skills EMIs
Michael Reilly, Bangaru Raju in Extended Matching Items for the MRCPsych Part 1, 2018
Acute stress disorder.Agoraphobia.Anxiety disorder not otherwise specified.Generalized anxiety disorder.Obsessive-compulsive disorder.Panic disorder.Post-traumatic stress disorder.Social phobia.Specific phobia.Substance-induced anxiety disorder.
Psychological Disorders
Mohamed Ahmed Abd El-Hay in Understanding Psychology for Medicine and Nursing, 2019
Acute and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a trauma and stressor-related disorder that develops in response to an extreme physical or psychological trauma. Extreme traumas are events that produce intense feelings of horror and helplessness, such as a serious physical injury or threat of injury to self or to loved ones. Acute stress disorder typically occurs within one month of a traumatic event. It lasts at least three days and can persist for up to one month after exposure to trauma. Acute and post-traumatic stress disorder can develop in survivors of military combat and other sorts of extreme traumas, such as natural disasters, physical or sexual assault, or terrorist attacks (McNally, 2003). Rescue workers, relief workers, and emergency service personnel can also develop PTSD symptoms (Eriksson et al., 2001). Witnessing the injury or death of others can be sufficiently traumatic to develop these disorders.
Early Hypnotic Intervention After Traumatic Events in Children
Published in American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis, 2020
Chantal Wood, Antoine Bioy
PTSD began to be acknowledged in children after a dramatic incident in Chowchilla and the work of Leonor Terr in 1976. Terr followed 25 children who had been buried alive in a bus and who had managed to escape (Terr, 1991). She studied them for 4 years and described two types of trauma: type I; defined as a single isolated event (car accident or fire), and type II characterized by numerous events repeated over a period of time (abuse or war). After an initial phase of acute distress (called acute stress disorder) and sometimes months to years after the causative event, victims may develop specific re-experiences or recurrent memory symptoms, a phobic syndrome (exposure distress, avoidance, and anticipatory anxiety), increased arousal, and hypervigilance. These symptoms must last at least 1 month to be diagnosed as PTSD.
Exposure to combat and deployment; reviewing the military context in The Netherlands
Published in International Review of Psychiatry, 2019
Eric Vermetten, Jan Ambaum
Symptoms of acute stress disorder, sometimes predating a PTSD diagnosis, can sometimes be seen during the deployment. This can occur either after a single incident, or as a result of cumulative incidents. A high number of military personnel can be sent out and have already confronted deployment experiences, but they can potentially just tip over a threshold, and manifest in response to a minor stressor. The aim of mental health workers is to treat the military with short-term, targeted interventions during the deployment. As a result, he retains control and can resume his work. (Traumatic) deployment experiences can often bring underlying dysfunctional schemas or personality problems to the surface due to decreased adaptive capacity. PTSD in military personnel can, therefore, be a complex disorder that is acquired in a specific deployment context. Complex problems are usually not treated in the deployment situation, but must take place in the Netherlands after a deployment. The specific deployment context is quite different from normal Dutch life. Because of this, the soldier can sometimes hardly share his traumatic experiences with family or friends. The soldier may think he is not understood by others than his own buddies. This can put the soldier in isolation with respect to his loved ones. There may also be an obstacle in the provision of relief to the armed forces personnel, because a therapist cannot find a sufficient connection with the military's deployment experience. This constitutes a risk to treatment.
Brain Environment Interactions: Stress, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, and the Need for a Postmortem Brain Collection
Published in Psychiatry, 2022
Elizabeth Osuch, Robert Ursano, He Li, Maree Webster, Chris Hough, Carol Fullerton, Gregory Leskin
Several psychiatric disorders are thought to arise, at least in part, from exposure to traumatic events: Acute Stress Disorder (ASD), PTSD, Depression, and Adjustment Disorder. Substance use and bipolar disorder are also affected by environmental and developmental events (De Bernardo et al., 2002; Diaz, Simantov, and Rickert, 2002; Dube et al., 2002; Dube et al., 2003; Hyun, Friedman, and Dunner, 2000; Leverich et al., 2003; Leverich et al., 2002; Post et al., 2001; Simpson and Miller, 2002) as well as by genetic predisposition (Itokawa et al., 2003; McGuffin et al., 2003; Ni et al., 2002; Potash et al., 2003). However, PTSD is the only enduring mental illness defined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual to include an environmental event in its diagnostic criteria (DSM–IV, 1994). ASD is often the prelude to the more long–lasting PTSD and, therefore, may represent the early changes associated with exposure to traumatic stress. These disorders are thus an important focus for examining the impact of the environment on psychiatric disease.
Related Knowledge Centers
- Dissociative Amnesia
- Hypervigilance
- Sleep Disorder
- Startle Response
- Dissociative Identity Disorder
- Psychology
- Psychological Trauma
- Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
- Mood
- Dissociation