Nutritional Disorders/Alternative Medicine
Walter F. Stanaszek, Mary J. Stanaszek, Robert J. Holt, Steven Strauss in Understanding Medical Terms, 2020
The regulation of eating behavior is located in the hypothalamic area of the brain, which may be influenced by psychological, social, and genetic factors. Several terms are associated with this function. Adipostat or set point is a theoretical level of fat tissue to which the body adjusts and which it tries to maintain; the term employs the same suffix as "thermostat." Adiposis is simply the level of adipose tissue (connective tissue packed with fat cells) in the body. The satiety center is the center in the brain controlling the perception of satisfaction or fullness from food. Thermogenesis refers to the creation of heat, specifically the physiologic process of heat production in the body.
Current Nutritional Issues in the Perinatal Period
Michele Kiely in Reproductive and Perinatal Epidemiology, 2019
In addition to methodological problems, the assessment of gestational nutrient needs confronts a conceptual problem related to potential gestational compensations or adaptations, a possibility that has been examined in several recent studies. Theoretically, an increment of prepregnant calorie intake could be used for gestational needs, if basal energy output (BMR) or activity were reduced, or work efficiency or efficiency of utilization of food energy were improved, for example by a reduction in diet-induced thermogenesis. Studies support each of these possibilities, at least in some settings. For example, decreased energy expenditure both as a result of a decrease in activity as pregnancy advances45,53 and as a result of a lesser energy requirement for the same activity (i.e. increased efficiency)54,55 have been reported. In addition, some studies suggest a decrease in the basal metabolic rate (BMR) during the first trimester of pregnancy in women on chronically low intakes,56 although this is not always observed.57 Other studies indicate substantial savings of postprandial energy loss, that is, a reduction of diet-induced thermogenesis.58
The Scale of the Problem—Overweight and Obesity
Ruth Chambers, Paula Stather in Tackling Obesity and Overweight Matters in Health and Social Care, 2022
The main components of energy expenditure are basal metabolic rate, thermogenesis and physical activity. Thermogenesis includes: Any heat production required to maintain body temperatureHeat loss to do with the absorption, metabolism and transport of ingested foodHeat production to dissipate excess dietary energy In sedentary people, the relative proportions are about 60–75% expended as the basal metabolism, 10% for thermogenesis and 25% for physical activity. In sedentary people, the basal metabolic rate is about 5–10% higher than the minimum rate which occurs whilst asleep. Basal metabolic rate is higher in overweight and obese people than for people of ‘ideal’ weight, as weight gain increases the size of muscles and visceral organs as well as fat. There is no convincing evidence that obese people have extraordinarily low basal metabolic rates that account for their obesity.
Backstage of rising body temperature: Advances in research on intracellular heat diffusion
Published in Temperature, 2021
Taras Plakhotnik, Madoka Suzuki
Further research on intracellular processes using microscopic tools such as PDA-FND nanoprobes may extend the role of cellular thermogenesis in biology beyond its conventionally assumed contribution to rising tissue and body temperature. A comprehensive review by Kiyatkin [3] describes how the brain hyperthermia caused by external stimuli and by neural activity affects brain structure and functions. Endogenous thermogenesis in other specialized tissues such as skeletal muscle is also physiologically important. Tools like PDA-FND may help to reveal how the endogenous heat controls processes at the subcellular scale. Although it is generally accepted that processes in cells are regulated by signaling cascades of biochemical reactions and diffusion of molecules, we believe that thermal signaling could also be an important channel for this purpose.
Circadian rhythmicity of body temperature and metabolism
Published in Temperature, 2020
Roberto Refinetti
The effects of food availability, and food intake more specifically, are usually discussed as part of the phenomenon of diet-induced thermogenesis. Diet-induced thermogenesis is the fraction of energy expenditure induced by the ingestion of food, and some authors include basal metabolic rate in the definition of diet-induced thermogenesis [581]. There are two types of diet-induced thermogenesis. The first type is called obligatory because it cannot be avoided. After a meal is ingested, metabolic rate is temporarily elevated [520,582–591], and this elevation is believed to be due partially to the energetic cost of digestion and partially to a cephalic component involving mastication as well as arousal [592–598]. The other type of diet-induced thermogenesis is called adaptive because its magnitude can be adapted to conditions of shortage or excess of food supply. That is, diet-induced thermogenesis can be increased after overeating and be reduced during starvation or food restriction [583,599–608]. As was the case for cold-induced thermogenesis, diet-induced thermogenesis in mammals seems to depend strongly on the activation of brown adipose tissue [609].
CORM-401, an orally active carbon monoxide-releasing molecule, increases body temperature by activating non-shivering thermogenesis in rats
Published in Temperature, 2022
Mateus R. Amorim, Roberta Foresti, Djamal Eddine Benrahla, Roberto Motterlini, Luiz G. S. Branco
In this study, we have shown that oral administration of CORM-401 to rats leads to an increase in Tb caused by augmented non-shivering thermogenesis without affecting neither the amount of heat loss through the tail skin nor blood pressure. Thus, the present data are consistent with the notion that delivery of controlled amounts of CO to the body causes an increase in Tb associated with an elevated heat production, indicating that this thermoeffector is specifically activated after systemic CO liberation. Moreover, these thermoregulatory responses were not associated with any significant changes in arterial blood pressure. Non-shivering thermogenesis is defined as an increased metabolic heat production (above the basal metabolism) that is not associated with muscle activity but rather resulting mainly from the increased metabolism of brown fat [25].
Related Knowledge Centers
- Brown Adipose Tissue
- Muscle
- Uncoupling Protein
- Warm-Blooded
- Symplocarpus Foetidus
- NON-Exercise Activity Thermogenesis
- Specific Dynamic Action
- Shivering
- Adenosine Triphosphate
- Thermogenin