Solid Lipid Nanoparticles for Anti-Tumor Drug Delivery
Mansoor M. Amiji in Nanotechnology for Cancer Therapy, 2006
Therefore, one additional criterion for choosing lipids for SLN formulation is the tendency of these lipids to form perfect crystals, or more precisely, their polymorphic transition rates. Once again, there is no strict rule to follow. However, in general, lipids with longer fatty acid chains have a slower transition rate than those with shorter chains.22 SLN made from waxes as lipid matrix exhibited significant drug expulsion phenomenon because of the more crystalline structure although wax-based SLN are usually more physically stable.19 In addition to the type of lipids, some other factors may also affect the lipid crystallinity, including the storage condition and SLN production methods.37–39 For example, rapid cooling process will be beneficial to maintain the lipid matrix in a meta-stable form.37 The choice of surfactant and co-surfactant plays a crucial role as well.24 The crystallization rate of Dynasan 114-based SLN was shown much faster when poloxamer was used as the surfactant than those stabilized by the sodium salt of cholic acid.40 An increased amount of the meta-stable form of stearic acid was also found when a high concentration of co-surfactant such as butanol was included in the SLN preparation.25
Osteoarthritis
Nicole M. Farmer, Andres Victor Ardisson Korat in Cooking for Health and Disease Prevention, 2022
Dietary patterns to be aware of for OA symptom management may also relate to development, not just prevention, of OA. Based on the pathophysiology evidence presented earlier, adverse dietary patterns may include high glycemic diets and diets that promote production of uric acid. Dietary factors related to uric acid exposure actually overlap with dietary patterns related to hyperglycemia. Added sugars that provide fructose either from sugar sweetened or naturally occurring fructose from fruit juices are linked to higher risk of uric acid formation and gout. Additionally, consumption of purine-rich animal foods, but not purine-rich vegetables, is linked to increased risk for gout. This suggests an adverse role for foods that contain stearic acid such as lard and tallow when present in a diet or meal that may lead to uric acid synthesis.
Herbs with Antidepressant Effects
Scott Mendelson in Herbal Treatment of Major Depression, 2019
The “dark” side of chocolate is the amount of sugar and saturated fat that it usually contains. The first of these problems is easily solved. There are many delicious, sugar free dark chocolates on the market now. The second problem might not be as bad as it first may seem. The cocoa butter mixed into chocolate to form bars contains about 30% oleic acid, which is the healthy, monounsaturated fatty acid in olive oil. Cocoa butter is rich in saturated fatty acids. It contains about 25% palmitate and 33% stearate. Admittedly, aside from being a natural product of our metabolism, palmitate has few redeeming features. On the other hand, stearic acid has probably got a bad rap. Stearic acid tends not to increase LDL or decrease HDL. The daily feeding of as much as 10 oz of milk chocolate bars does not adversely affect serum cholesterol profiles.27
Corneal targeted fenticonazole nitrate-loaded novasomes for the management of ocular candidiasis: Preparation, in vitro characterization, ex vivo and in vivo assessments
Published in Drug Delivery, 2022
Sadek Ahmed, Maha M. Amin, Sarah Mohamed El-Korany, Sinar Sayed
Novasomes represent a recent vesicular carrier that was first established by the IGI laboratories NOVAVAX to improve certain delivery systems (Mosallam et al., 2021). They have an improved liposomal or niosomal structure composed of cholesterol, free fatty acid (FFA), and monoester of polyoxyethylene fatty acid (Mosallam et al., 2021). Many vaccines have been synthesized as novasomes (Gregoriadis, 1995; Chambers et al., 2004). Stearic acid is a saturated free fatty acid (FAA) that is used widely in formulations due to its safety (Singh et al., 2020). Cholesterol is a chief component of the plasma membrane of mammalian cells. It’s involved in many biological processes like preserving fluidity of plasma membrane and biosynthesis of bile acids, steroid hormones, and vitamin D (Xu et al., 2022). It has a critical impact on vesicle stability, loading capacity and permeability (Abdelbary et al., 2017). Span 80 is a biodegradable nonionic surface active agent derived from oleic acid and sorbitol. Surfactants have a critical effect on the structure and the properties of many vesicular systems, they also serve as penetration enhancers (Abd-Elsalam & Ibrahim, 2021).
A comprehensive review on recent nanosystems for enhancing antifungal activity of fenticonazole nitrate from different routes of administration
Published in Drug Delivery, 2023
Sadek Ahmed, Maha M. Amin, Sinar Sayed
Novasomes are enhanced niosomal structure that is chiefly composed of stearic acid, cholesterol and surfactant. Stearic acid is a well-recognized fatty acid with high safety properties (Singh et al., 2020). Cholesterol is a naturally produced compound that control plasma membrane rigidity, formation of bile acid and steroids. In formulation industry, it had an important role in controlling vesicles EE%, permeability and stability (Abdelbary et al., 2017). Finally, terpesomes are mainly composed of terpenes and phospholipid. Terpenes like limonene, fenchone and eugenol are derived from essential oil and had both antifungal and penetration enhancers properties (Younes et al., 2018). Phospholipids are assembled together with cholesterol to form the plasma membrane. They regulate many cellular processes such as membrane permeability, cell growth and apotheosis (Morita & Ikeda, 2022).
An evaluative in vitro investigation of the delivery of cytarabine with RGD decorated solid lipid nanoparticles
Published in Journal of Microencapsulation, 2021
Shelly Roselyn Van Eyssen, Doga Kavaz
To further analyses cytarabine-stearic acid nanoparticles interactions, FTIR spectrum analysis was performed. The spectrum of pure drug, stearic acid nanoparticles and drug-loaded nanoparticles is clearly depicted in Figure 3(A). The clear encapsulation of the drug is seen for the drug delivery agent when the graphs were overlaid with each other. Between 3000 and 3750 cm−1 a clear illustration of the OH and CH groups can be seen (Onyebuchi and Kavaz 2019) coinciding with the C–H stretch of the hydrocarbon chain on stearic acid as well as the C–H bonds present on the double-ring structure of cytarabine. The 3325 cm−1 peaks on cytarabine are attributed to the stretching vibration of the –NH2 bond (Liu et al.2018; Kavaz et al.2019). The sharp peak at 1633 cm−1 indicates C = O stretching present in both the structure of cytarabine and stearic acid. This peak is also an indication of the –COOH group present in stearic acid (Zhu et al.2016). The peak at 1496 cm−1 on the SLN-cyt and cytarabine lines indicates C–N bonds of the aromatic rings in cytarabine confirming the presence of the drug within the SLN. The ether bond stretch (C–O–C) of cytarabine was observed 1352 cm−1 (Asadullah Madni et al.2017). At 1082 cm−1, a C–O stretching band is present on the SLN and cytarabine combination (Garg et al.2017). Lastly, the C–C bond of the hydrocarbon backbone of stearic acid was indicated by the 1041 cm−1 peak which appears on both the empty SLN and cytarabine loaded spectra (Santos et al.2014).
Related Knowledge Centers
- Ester
- Fatty Acid
- Lard
- Palmitic Acid
- Stearin
- Tallow
- Triglyceride
- Preferred Iupac Name
- Wax
- Salt