Pain Management with Regenerative Injection Therapy
Mark V. Boswell, B. Eliot Cole in Weiner's Pain Management, 2005
The rationale for implementing RIT in chronic painful pathology of ligaments and tendons evolved from clinical and histologic research performed for injection treatment of hernias, hydroceles, and varicose veins. The therapeutic action of the newly formed connective tissue was different in each condition. In hernias, the proliferation and subsequent regenerative/reparative response led to fibrotic closure of the defect (Riddle, 1940; Warren, 1881; Watson, 1938). In hydroceles, hypertrophied subserous connective tissue reinforced the capillary walls of serous membrane and prevented further exudate formation (Hoch, 1939; Linetsky, 1999c). The latter mode of action was employed in the treatment of chronic olecranon and pre-patellar bursitis by Poritt in 1931. He drained the fluid from the sac and injected 5% sodium morrhuate. In cases of persistence, he injected a 5% phenol solution into the bursae (Poritt, 1931).
Nanomechanical Analysis of Cells from Cancer Patients
Lajos P. Balogh in Nano-Enabled Medical Applications, 2020
Analyses of body fluid samples, rather than primary tumour samples, were chosen here, because tumour cells in body fluid are all metastatic in nature and thus provide a clonal population of metastatic cells for analysis. Additionally, the co-existence of both benign and metastatic cells in a single specimen provides a native internal control. Body cavities, including pleural, pericardial and peritoneal cavities, are covered by serous membranes consisting of a single row of flat mesothelial cells on the surface and an underlying submesothelial layer, which cover a very large surface area in close contact with every major organ of the body. Because of their continuity with the lymphatic system, these cavities are commonly the seat of metastasis. Metastatic malignant effusions constitute an unequivocal sign of widespread cancer. Current cancer cell detection relies on qualitative morphological analyses of shape change resulting from biochemical alterations, such as cytoskeletal remodelling [25]. However, morphological analysis of cells recovered from an effusion is often difficult to diagnose because of the notorious reactivity of mesothelial cells in mimicking metastatic cancer cells morphologically, featuring enlarged nuclei, increased nuclear and cytoplasmic ratios, among other cytomorphological features.
Procedures
Fazal-I-Akbar Danish in Essential Lists of Differential Diagnoses for MRCP with diagnostic hints, 2017
Liver biopsy – complications:1 Haemorrhage (haemothorax; intrahepatic haematoma; haemobilia; haemoperitoneum).2 Intrahepatic AV fistula.3 Serous membrane inflammation (pleuritis; perihepatitis).4 Infection (hepatic abscess; biliary peritonitis).5 Puncture of surrounding organs (gallbladder; kidney; colon).
Intraperitoneal chemotherapy for ovarian cancer using sustained-release implantable devices
Published in Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery, 2018
Smrithi Padmakumar, Neha Parayath, Fraser Leslie, Shantikumar V. Nair, Deepthy Menon, Mansoor M. Amiji
The peritoneum is the most extensive serous membrane in the human body with a surface area of ~1–2 m2. It is composed of visceral peritoneum which envelopes the abdomino-pelvic organs and mesenteries supporting them, and parietal peritoneum which lines the abdominal wall, the pelvis, the inferior diaphragm surface as well as anterior surfaces of retroperitoneal organs [36–39]. The peritoneal cavity of mesodermal origin serves as a conduit for their blood vessels, lymphatic vessels and nerves (Figure 1). In women, the peritoneal cavity is an open-sac system with ovaries and fallopian tubes being connected to the peritoneal cavity [37]. Peritoneum lining with a total thickness of 90 µm, comprises of a monolayer of mesothelial cells anchored to a basement membrane and five layers of connective tissue consisting of interstitial cells, and a matrix of hyaluronan, collagen and proteoglycans. Pericytes, blood capillaries and parenchymal cells form the cellular part of peritoneum [40,41].
Controversies in classification of peritoneal tuberculosis and a proposal for clinico-radiological classification
Published in Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy, 2019
Rizwan Ahamed Z, Jimil Shah, Roshan Agarwala, Praveen Kumar-M, Harshal S Mandavdhare, Pankaj Gupta, Harjeet Singh, Aman Sharma, Usha Dutta, Vishal Sharma
The peritoneum is the largest serous membrane in the body and protects the abdominal cavity and the visceral organs. It also forms the omentum and the mesentery which enclose the small intestine. Peritoneal involvement by TB is well recognized and can occur in isolation or in combination with other intra-abdominal or extra-abdominal organs. Indeed, in one of the reports on peritoneal TB, 65% of the cases were associated with tubercular involvement at other sites[5]. Peritoneal TB has been reported to occur in up to 3.5% of the cases of pulmonary TB, and comprises 31–58% of cases of abdominal TB [6,7]. The reported incidence of peritoneal TB as a cause of ascites is only 2%; however, in a series from North India, TB was the second most common cause of ascites after cirrhosis [8,9]. It can also have significant overlap with intestinal TB, another common form of abdominal TB. In a recent report, 18 (16%) of all patients with abdominal TB had a combined involvement of the gastrointestinal lumen and the peritoneum [10].
Proteomic study of mesothelial and endothelial cross-talk: key lessons
Published in Expert Review of Proteomics, 2022
Juan Manuel Sacnun, Rebecca Herzog, Klaus Kratochwill
There is a plethora of proteomic studies investigating EC and even some secretome studies in combination with other cell types that could potentially be used to extrapolate effects on MC [121–123]. MC research, however, seems to be the limiting factor for discussing crosstalk between these two cell types. In the past, ECs were thought to be a relatively simple cell layer with barrier and transport function separating the systemic circulation from tissue, though today we understand the endothelium as a more complex system with a vast amount of different functions [20]. The same is true for the peritoneum, an organ long thought to have few functions but providing a surfactant cover for the inner organs of the abdominal cavity. Over the last years, this notion has changed, as it became increasingly clear that it is more complex than a simple serous membrane [3]. MCs are, for example, crucial for kidney replacement therapy with peritoneal dialysis, a therapy where – even though the endothelial cells are never in direct contact with the PD fluid – the submesothelial vasculature gets significantly more damaged than expected by uremia alone [124,125]. This vascular damage, in turn, may be the culprit for the increased prevalence of cardiovascular disease in patients on kidney replacement therapy, eventually resulting in increased mortality. This highlights the clinical relevance of this knowledge gap and the need of adequate research. The mesothelium is in contact with both microvascular and lymphatic vessels [126].
Related Knowledge Centers
- Adventitia
- Mesothelium
- Serous Fluid
- Connective Tissue
- Heart
- Mediastinum
- Tissue Membrane
- Body Cavity
- Potential Space
- Tunica