Effect of Elevated CO2 Conditions on Medicinal Plants
Azamal Husen in Environmental Pollution and Medicinal Plants, 2022
Elevation in photosynthetic activity in plants is potentially related to rising inactivity of RuBisCO (ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase enzyme) which can alter growth as well as production of secondary metabolites (Portis et al. 2007). Under higher carbon dioxide conditions, there is an increment in the rate at which carbon is subsumed into carbohydrates; this continues as RuBisCO becomes one of the limiting factors. The higher CO2 levels result in rapid leaf area development, which further increases the surface for transpiration and an enhanced rate of transpiration (Betts et al. 2007). There is an abrupt increase in stomatal conductance which causes the rapid opening of stomatal guard cells under e[CO2] in the atmosphere. There is also a significant improvement in the water-use efficiency of plants through increased turgor pressure which is important in the growth and development process.
Carbon Dioxide Sequestration by Microalgae
Gokare A. Ravishankar, Ranga Rao Ambati in Handbook of Algal Technologies and Phytochemicals, 2019
RuBisCO is present as a soluble protein in the chloroplast stroma of higher plants. But in microalgae, it is present in the pyrenoid of the chloroplast. In cyanobacteria it is present in carboxysomes that are surrounded by a protein shell and are rich in electron dense particles. The primary location of RuBisCO is carboxysomes in cyanobacteria (McKay et al. 1993) (Table 6.1).
Hydrogen deuterium exchange mass spectrometry applied to chaperones and chaperone-assisted protein folding
Published in Expert Review of Proteomics, 2019
Florian Georgescauld, Thomas E. Wales, John R. Engen
HDX MS methodology has also been applied to the AAA+ molecular machinery involved in protein remodeling. One study concerned the mechanism of the AAA+ protein Rubisco activase in the repair of the photosynthetic enzyme Rubisco, a complex of eight large and eight small subunits [58]. Another study used HDX MS to monitor complex formation in Cdc48 [59]. The conformational dynamics of Hsp104, also an AAA+ molecular machine that rescues proteins trapped in amorphous aggregates and stable amyloids, have been studied by HDX MS [60]. Finally, HDX MS was used by the groups of Martin and Hurley to show that the ATPaseVps4 disassembles an ESCRT-III filament by global unfolding and processive translocation [61], while the peroxisomal ATPase Pex1/Pex6 unfolds substrates by processive threading [62]. For all these studies, HDX MS was used to better understand the dynamic aspects of these AAA+ machines during their functional cycle and their interaction(s) with substrates or various partners. The structural information obtained by HDX MS could hardly have been obtained by other structural methods and shows the growing role of this technique in understanding how large protein machines perform their biological functions.
Cannabis allergy: what the clinician needs to know in 2019
Published in Expert Review of Clinical Immunology, 2019
Ine Ilona Decuyper, Hans-Peter Rihs, Athina Ludovica Van Gasse, Jessy Elst, Leander De Puysseleyr, Margaretha Antje Faber, Christel Mertens, Margo Maria Hagendorens, Vito Sabato, Chris Bridts, Luc De Clerck, Didier Gaston Ebo
Although the knowledge about potential cannabis allergens is still in its infancy, a recent study by Nayak et al. [13] shed some light on the matter. With the help of several IgE-immunoblot experiments, they identified two promising allergen candidates. The first one was the 23-kDa oxygen evolving enhancer protein 2 (OEEP2) which displayed IgE-reactivity in eight out of their 23 skin prick test-positive patient sera (34.8%) tested. The second one was a 50-kDa ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase oxygenase (RuBisCO) which displayed IgE-reactivity with a frequency of 56.5% in these sera. In contrast to OEEP2 where no additional knowledge about its allergic function exists so far, further studies have already suggested that RuBisCO is an allergen in spinach and tomato [61], in chickpea [62] and also in cashew nut, pistachio and pink peppercorn [63]. Due to the many observed cross-reactivities between cannabis and fruits and latex as well evidence for the involvement of a ‘Bet v 1-like’ allergen or a pan allergen like profilin is also possible but still needs confirmation when more recombinant cannabis protein components will be available for IgE-binding tests.
Characterization of planktonic and biofilm cells from two filamentous cyanobacteria using a shotgun proteomic approach
Published in Biofouling, 2020
Maria João Leal Romeu, Dany Domínguez-Pérez, Daniela Almeida, João Morais, Alexandre Campos, Vítor Vasconcelos, Filipe J. M. Mergulhão
Moreover, for both cyanobacterial strains, in biofilms formed on perspex and at 4 s−1 a protein involved in the formation of the carboxysome (carbon dioxide-concentrating mechanism protein CcmK) was also found. Carboxysomes are polyhedral inclusion where the ribulose‐1,5‐bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco; the central enzyme in photosynthetic carbon assimilation) is sequestered. The CO2 concentrating mechanism (CCM) is an adaptive and effective strategy evolved in cyanobacteria and also in eukaryotic microalgae for carbon acquisition, and it enables these organisms to survive when the CO2 concentration limits photosynthesis (Wang et al. 2015). Baba et al. (2011) also studied this mechanism in the unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. When the CO2 concentration was elevated from the ambient air level to 3%, the algal growth rate increased 1.5-fold, and the amount and the composition of extracellular proteins clearly changed. However, significant changes were not found in intracellular proteins (Baba et al. 2011). In a study performed by Slabas et al. (2006), a decrease in Rubisco proteins was observed after heat shock in Synechocystis PCC 6803. Moreover, the CCM is a fundamental aspect of photosynthesis, metabolism, growth and biomass production in photosynthetic organisms and understanding this process provides guidance for potential molecular manipulation to improve biomass yield for commercial applications (Badger and Price 2003).
Related Knowledge Centers
- Carbon Dioxide
- Carboxylation
- Catalysis
- Chemical Reaction
- Enzyme
- Glucose
- Molecule
- Photosynthesis
- Biological Carbon Fixation
- Ribulose 1,5-Bisphosphate