The Nerve Cell Laid Bare
Andrew P. Wickens in A History of the Brain, 2014
In contrast to many great pioneers intent on promoting their reputation, Purkinje had an aversion to writing and publicising his own work. Indeed, one source described him as being unassuming, self-effacing and naïve, accompanied by a disinterest in personal glory or personal gain.5 This is also reflected in the fact that many of Purkinje’s discoveries are reported in the doctoral theses of his students, or brief reports and obscure lectures. In some instances, Purkinje did not even bother to put his own name on work he was supervising – thereby giving undue recognition to his collaborators. This is believed to have occurred, for example, in the case of a doctoral student called J.F. Rosenthal who used the term achsencylinder (‘axis cylinder’) in relation to the nerve fibre in 1839. This term became widely used during the nineteenth century although it is almost certainly coined by Purkinje. It would develop into the more modern term ‘axon’ by Kolliker around 1896. Another term to come from Purkinje’s laboratory was ‘protoplasm’ which now refers to the watery substance inside cells. In addition, at least 18 eponyms are named after Purkinje, including Purkinje fibres found in the inner ventricular walls of the heart, and Purkinje vesicles found in the nuclear portion of an ovum
Life and Its Information
David E. H. Jones in Why Are We Conscious?, 2017
A cell is a little closed container, maybe about 0.1 mm across. Inside it is a subtle aqueous paste which biologists often call ‘protoplasm’ and which, among manyother things, carries the information that defines the cell. It grows, and the cell expands, till it reaches some critical size; then the cell splits into two cells, which in multicellular organisms stick together. The information it carries divides as well, so that its two ‘daughter’ cells have it too. This process goes on until, in growing up, a mature multicellular organism may have trillions of cells. Furthermore, not all that information gets expressed. In a human being, for example, some growing cells turn into brain cells, some become stomach or liver cells, and so on. Yet every cell seems to have enough information in it to define the whole body.
Cell Biology
C.S. Sureka, C. Armpilia in Radiation Biology for Medical Physicists, 2017
All the living cells have three basic parts. They are (1) cell (plasma) membrane, (2) cytoplasm with cell organelles, and (3) nucleus with DNA. The cytoplasm and the nucleus of a cell collectively termed as “protoplasm.” Generally, cells are divided into two types. They are prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells. Prokaryotic cells do not have membrane-bound organelles. They have DNA, but they are not bound inside the nucleus, for example, bacterial cells. In contrast, eukaryotic cells are larger and more complex cells than prokaryotic cells. They have a true nucleus containing DNA as well as various other membrane-bound organelles, for example, plant and animal cells.
English Translation of M. Bérard: Tumeur Embryonnaire Du Muscle Strié. [Embryonal Tumor of Striated Muscle]. Lyon Med 1894; 77: 52
Published in Fetal and Pediatric Pathology, 2019
R. Beverly Raney, Christophe Bergeron, David Parham
Sections were obtained from the most fibrous and the softest tissues after hardening in alcohol and then stained with picro-carmine. With slight enlargement the preparations showed the characteristic appearance of a sarcoma; clusters of cells with embryonal nuclei disseminated in an adjacent conjoined stroma; with vascular lacunae without the appearance of a mature vascular wall. But, with the 7X microscope objective, we recognized that the interpretation was more complex. According to M. Louis Bard, to whom these preparations had been submitted, we were seeing an embryonal tumor of striated muscle (skeletal muscle), or a malignant rhabdomyoma, with organized clots in the interior. These tumors, of which M. Bard has observed six or eight cases, are always very vascular, and one recognizes them by masses of immature nuclei which are colored vividly with picro-carmine, disseminated or piled up in mats of protoplasm without distinct cellular contours for each nucleus, such as one observes in the first stages of development of striated muscle.”
Effect of anti IL-12/23 on body composition: results of bioelectrical impedance analysis in Caucasian psoriatic patients
Published in Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy, 2018
Marco Galluzzo, Simone D’Adamio, Roberta Pastorino, Angela Andreoli, Stella Servoli, Luca Bianchi, Marina Talamonti
Like a tiny capacitor, the living cell stores the electric charge flowing in the current and causes a delay in the flow. This capacitive resistance, or reactance, depends on the composition, function, and integrity of the body cell mass (BCM), defined as the metabolically active part of the body [11,14,15]. Furthermore, BCM is defined as the total mass of ‘oxygen-exchanging, potassium-rich, glucose-oxidizing, work-performing’ cells of the body. BCM is considered the actively metabolizing component of the body, which is known as ‘protoplasm’ [16].
Zinc oxide nanoparticles synthesized from Allium cepa prevents UVB radiation mediated inflammation in human epidermal keratinocytes (HaCaT cells)
Published in Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology, 2019
Fenglian Wu, Yanxin Chen, Guoliang Li, Donglai Zhu, Lianying Wang, Jiaxin Wang
Nanoparticles emerge to put forth diverse cytotoxicity, which relies on cellular intake, positioning, and relocation [27,28]. In the present study, we assessed Nanoparticles intake and position in cells with TEM (Transmission Electron Microscopy). TEM descriptions displayed that ZnO-NPs be not originated in the protoplasm and nucleus of the cells (Figure 2(A)), however, ZnO-NPs were noticed as cumulative detached within the cytoplasm as a substitute of a single particle.