An Analysis of Protein Interaction and Its Methods, Metabolite Pathway and Drug Discovery
Ayodeji Olalekan Salau, Shruti Jain, Meenakshi Sood in Computational Intelligence and Data Sciences, 2022
Protein is used to build and repair tissues, and it is the basic structure of all cells in our body. It is a macromolecule that helps in the effective functioning of cells, and it performs a specific function in the body. The biological or biochemical role of a protein is assigned using protein function prediction [60]. Heterogeneous data are used in computational methods for protein function prediction. To create a protein interaction network, a number of top threshold measures are considered, such as protein sequences, building blocks of the protein structures and expressions of the genes [61]. In cell life cycle, with the combination of unknown proteins with its amino acids, photo- and chemical cross-linking is the broad application of protein interactions. It captures the highlights and maps the surface of the protein interactions, which can examine the analysis of photo-cross-linking and mass spectrometric combination. Some of the applications and improved areas of protein interactions with ncAAs are protein stapling, protein conformation with photo-control, cross-linking with two-dimensionality, transient stabilization and less affinity of protein interactions [62].
Nutrients in Bamboo Shoots
Nirmala Chongtham, Madho Singh Bisht in Bamboo Shoot, 2020
Protein is vital for building and repairing body tissues; formation of bones, muscles, teeth, hair, nails, skin, cartilage and blood as well as for the synthesis of enzymes, hormones and antibodies. Protein content in the freshly harvested shoots of 24 bamboo species was estimated which showed a range from 1.27 to 5.87 g/100 g f.w., highest being in Bambusa bambos followed by Chimonobambusa callosa (4.57 mg/100 g f.w.) and lowest in B. tulda (Table 3.1). B. kingiana, B. polymorpha, B. vulgaris, D. giganteus and D. membranaceus had more or less similar protein content (Sundriyal and Sundriyal 2001, Sharma et al. 2004, Bhatt et al. 2005). With harvesting age of shoots, protein content was reported to reduce in 10-day-old shoots of four bamboo species and 16-day-old shoots of three bamboo species when compared to freshly harvested juvenile shoots (Chongtham et al. 2007, Pandey and Ojha 2013) (Figure 3.2).
Nutritional Ergogenic Aids — Macronutrients
Luke Bucci in Nutrients as Ergogenic Aids for Sports and Exercise, 2020
Upon closer examination, protein powders are a more cost-effective source of protein per dollar than vegetables, grains, nuts, cheeses, fish, and most beef foodstuffs. Protein powders are less cost-effective than powdered milk, milk, eggs, chicken, or pork. Except for nonfat powdered milk, the foods that are less costly than protein powders contain considerable quantities of fat, which contribute to undesirable intake of excess calories for certain athletes wishing to reduce body fat levels (such as bodybuilders). Powdered milk contains much lactose, which may cause disturbances in lactose-intolerant individuals. In addition, for the cost of one or two restaurant dinners or a 1 week supply of meat ($20.00), an individual can consume 50 g/d of supplemental protein for at least an entire month from protein powder. Thus, athletes view protein powders as a cost effective and convenient source of additional dietary protein. For these reasons, demand for such products, regardless of justification, will remain.
Carbohydrate fear, skinfold targets and body image issues: a qualitative analysis of player and stakeholder perceptions of the nutrition culture within elite female soccer
Published in Science and Medicine in Football, 2022
Samuel J. McHaffie, Carl Langan-Evans, James C. Morehen, Juliette A. Strauss, José L. Areta, Christopher Rosimus, Martin Evans, Kirsty J. Elliott-Sale, Colum J. Cronin, James P. Morton
This sentiment was also reported by nutritionists, with two participants giving examples of players not wanting to consume a ‘protein shake’ with added CHO after matches or strength and conditioning sessions. Such practices conflict with the well documented role of post-exercise CHO intake in facilitating muscle glycogen re-synthesis (Burke et al. 2017). Nutritionist 4:The players don’t want a mixed protein shake, they just want a protein shake because the mixed protein shake has got too much carbs in and it’s, like, ‘wow, they’re not willing to have carbs after a game, that’s pretty scary’ I guess … The fact that they’re worried about some carbohydrate powder in a protein shake because they think it will make them fat is quite a scary thing. And so they might not be recovering quickly or as efficiently because of that.
Effect of Whey Protein Supplementation on Perioperative Outcomes in Patients with Cancer—A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PROSPERO 2020: CRD42020188666)
Published in Nutrition and Cancer, 2022
Nivedhyaa Srinivasaraghavan, Nairita Das, Kalpana Balakrishnan, Swaminathan Rajaram
Six MWKT has been found to be a valid tool for assessing the functional recovery of patients after colorectal surgeries (48). The results show that there was a significant functional improvement in the intervention group as compared to the control group before surgery (after a period of prehabilitation) and this was sustained at four weeks after surgery. Whey protein could have assisted in enhancing the lean body mass of patients thus improving functional outcomes in the perioperative period. This is substantiated by the fact that inadequate protein intake impairs normal metabolic function and results in muscle wasting (49). Consequently, muscle wasting can decrease the six-minute walk distance (50). 6MWKT cannot however be a substitute for cardiopulmonary exercise testing which is an objective indicator of a patient’s functional capacity and a monitor of the various organs involved in the exercise. 6MWKT is ideal for patients who have a moderate to severe functional impairment and the perioperative period in cancer fits this scenario (50). While two trials included in the review used 6MWKT at eight weeks as an outcome (39, 40), it was not analyzed as an outcome in this meta-analysis because of the missing data as patients failed to return to the hospital at eight weeks for follow-up after surgery (40).
Dietary patterns and associated lifestyle factors among university students in Qatar
Published in Journal of American College Health, 2021
Sohaila Cheema, Patrick Maisonneuve, Amit Abraham, Karima Chaabna, Wajiha Yousuf, Tasnim Mushannen, Hania Ibrahim, Abdallah Tom, Albert B. Lowenfels, Ravinder Mamtani
The last dietary pattern that we identified and named ‘protein shake’ has to our knowledge never been described, but fits well to the subgroup of young, predominantly male, athletic teens engaged in sport competition or trying to gain muscle. This pattern became apparent likely because consumption of protein shake was one of the 11 dietary items included in our questionnaire. Nevertheless, it represents a very distinct and independent pattern, being the only one associated with intense physical activity and high level of perceived self-discipline. In a cross-sectional study among gym users in a university community in Sharjah, United Arab Emirates, Attlee et al23 found a 43.8% prevalence of dietary supplement intake (mostly protein supplements), associated with sex as well as weight lifting, favoring male gym users.
Related Knowledge Centers
- Biomolecule
- Cell Signaling
- Cytoskeleton
- DNA Replication
- Enzyme Catalysis
- Fibrous Protein
- Intracellular Transport
- Macromolecule
- Residue
- Amino Acid
- DNA Replication