Effect of Elevated CO2 Conditions on Medicinal Plants
Azamal Husen in Environmental Pollution and Medicinal Plants, 2022
Overall, it can be summarized that processes like photosynthesis, water-use efficiency, soil carbon, and biomass are elevated under higher carbon dioxide conditions which render physiological adaptation to the plant. Elevation in net NPP may help in overcoming impact by sequestering the e[CO2]. Various studies indicate that, for climatic adjustments, plant species not only undergo phenology shifting but also make alterations at physiological as well as metabolic levels (Walther et al. 2002). Yet, there is a dearth of knowledge concerning the physiological responses and adaptations of medicinal plants under enhanced carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere. It is crucial to understand the plants’ adaptive behaviour, affecting biomass as well as yield in future conditions (Figure 5.5).
Sustainable Production of Aquatic and Wetland Plants
Namrita Lall in Aquatic Plants, 2020
The principles underlying optimal propagation methods should be correlated to each species’ natural regeneration strategy. The morphology and phenology of a species, naturally selected through evolution, enhances the species’ survival within particular environments (Niklas and Kutschera 2010). By observing these characteristics, one may characterize and categorize species based on life cycle and growth form (Groth et al. 1996). Traits that contribute to reproductive fitness may be exploited for efficient propagation and regeneration of a particular plant species or group. In general, vines, shrubs, and succulents are easily propagated vegetatively by cuttings, whereas trees and herbaceous species are generally propagated from seed (Hartmann et al. 2014). Therefore, it is apparent that there is a broad categorization of plants into their particular growth forms, namely herbaceous, vine, shrub, succulent, tree/lignified perennial or annual. Plants are also categorized according to their phylogenetic relationships, of which, plant species belonging to the same family or genus have shown to possess similar characteristics and reproductive strategies (Manos et al. 2001).
Bayesian Applications
Song S. Qian, Mark R. DuFour, Ibrahim Alameddine in Bayesian Applications in Environmental and Ecological Studies with R and Stan, 2023
In the lilac first bloom dates data, we notice the large variation in the first bloom dates from year to year, as shown in Figure 7.14. Such a large variation is very typical in phenology data because of the natural annual variation in weather. Furthermore, the large annual variation also leads to high variability in the estimated model parameters (Table 7.3). In the lilac data, we have observations from multiple locations across the continental U.S. We expect that (1) all locations are affected by the global climate change (hence the hockey stick model applies) and (2) when fitting data from different locations to the hockey stick model the estimated model parameters will vary by location. With the large number of sites, pooling data under a hierarchical structure is desirable. That is, we can expand the hockey stick model (equation (7.8)) to:
The rising of allergic respiratory diseases in a changing world: from climate change to migration
Published in Expert Review of Respiratory Medicine, 2020
Benedetta Biagioni, Isabella Annesi-Maesano, Gennaro D’Amato, Lorenzo Cecchi
First of all, global warming interferes with plant phenology, altering the bio-geographic distribution of plants and affecting the vegetal life cycle [12]. An actual increased pollen production and an augmented duration of pollen exposure, due to the extension of growing season, was demonstrated for several trees producing allergenic pollen, such as birch, oak and olive tree [13]. A increased length of pollen season was also reported for ragweed and associated to lengthening of the frost free period [14]. Also, a general trend toward an earlier start of flowering season of grass was observed and associated to climate change [15]. As expected, climate conditions leading to the increase in airborne pollen concentration influence the prevalence and severity of ARD. In this regard, hot, dry and sunny meteorological conditions have been associated with increased pollen count and augmented allergic rhinitis prevalence in children, while wetter conditions and lower mean temperatures have been related to a lower hay fever prevalence [16].
Antimicrobial activity of flavonoids glycosides and pyrrolizidine alkaloids from propolis of Scaptotrigona aff. postica
Published in Toxin Reviews, 2023
T. M. Cantero, P. I. Silva Junior, G. Negri, R. M. Nascimento, R. Z. Mendonça
Pyrrolizidine alkaloids are unknown in Apis mellifera propolis. Cyanogenic glycosides and alkaloids are often toxic to insects. Pyrrolizidine alkaloids are aliphatic bicyclic metabolites from several plant groups, including the genera Eupatorium, Heliotropium and Senecio (Asteraceae), Crotalaria (Leguminosae) and Symphytum (Boraginaceae). So far it is not possible to point out a likely plant origin of the pyrrolizidine alkaloids of the propolis analyzed. As mentioned in introduction, the preferential detection of the alkaloids in samples collected in months of October, November and December, suggests an herbaceous plant source (possibly with annual cycle). This is coherent with the phenology of Crotalaria and Senecio, two tropical genera widespread in Brazil. A higher likelihood is that a species of Crotalaria may be the resin source of this type of propolis. Symphytum officinale cannot be precluded as possible source. Although not of tropical origin, this medicinal herb is widely cultivated in many parts of the world and contains pyrrolizidine alkaloids structurally similar with found in this work (Negri et al. 2022). Despite the hepatotoxic, genotoxic, cytotoxic, tumorigenic, and neurotoxic activities of 1,2-unsaturated PAs, they can be used for the treatment of diseases and infections, due to their glycosidase inhibitory activity, that demonstrated antidiabetic effect, besides anticancer, fungicidal, and antiviral effects (Moreira et al. 2018, Tasca et al. 2018, Schramm et al. 2019, Mädge et al. 2020).
Is being born in spring significantly associated with early-onset bipolar affective disorder? A case-control study
Published in Chronobiology International, 2020
Meng-Qi Wang, Yu Hao, Ran-Ran Wang, Hua Guo, Juan He, Zhi-Ren Wang
The 24 solar terms used in the study were derived from a calendar developed in ancient China, which is believed to reflect climate, phenology and agricultural changes, and which is still widely used to this day. The “24 solar terms” are divided according to the position of the sun on the returning ecliptic. The annual movement of the sun is divided into 24 equal circular portions, with every 15° equal to 1 part, and every equal portion being a solar term. The starting point of the solar terms is the beginning of spring (approximately 04 February). From the beginning of spring to the “Grain Rain” (approximately 04 February to 06 May) is spring, from the beginning of summer to the “Great Heat” (approximately 06 May to 07 August) is summer, from the beginning of autumn to “Frost’s Descent” (approximately 07 August to 07 November) is autumn and from the beginning of winter to the “Great Cold” (approximately 08 November to 03 February) is winter. The specific start date of each season of each year is determined by the Chinese calendar.
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