Effect of tomato juice on the sperm quality of mice exposed to tertiary cigarette smoke
Ade Gafar Abdullah, Isma Widiaty, Cep Ubad Abdullah in Medical Technology and Environmental Health, 2020
It was previously known that oxidative stress plays a role in the pathogenesis of infertility in men such as decreased sperm motility and viability, and increased sperm apoptosis (Durairajanayagam et al. 2014). Oxidative stress is a condition of imbalance between free radicals and antioxidants. Normally, free radicals (ROS) in the testicles are by-products produced during the sperm differentiation process and the formation of steroid hormones (Mathur & d’Cruz 2011). ROS is a molecule that has one or more unpaired electrons, thus it is very reactive, especially to the lipid component (Clément et al. 2012). Oxidative stress can affect spermatozoa through three pathways: lipid peroxidation in cell membranes, DNA damage, and apoptosis (Durairajanayagam et al. 2014; Mathur & d’Cruz 2011). In the Polβ and β-Globin mouse genes, TSH exposure causes DNA oxidation to increase malondialdehyde (MDA), a lipid peroxidation marker, and to increase the 8-oxo-dG (8OhdG) level, which is a DNA oxidation product (Jacob et al. 2017). Sperm apoptosis can cause sperm density/density in the epididymis to decrease. Cigarette smoke is also known to interfere with sperm maturation so that spermatogenesis is disturbed, thus sperm decreases (Shrivastava et al. 2014). Research by Esakky and colleagues (2016) showed that exposure to cigarette smoke condensate (CSC) is genotoxic to spermatocytes, causing apoptosis and seminiferous tubule disruption through oxidative stress mechanisms.
Free Radicals and Antioxidants
Chuong Pham-Huy, Bruno Pham Huy in Food and Lifestyle in Health and Disease, 2022
The mechanism of biological damage and the toxicity of these reactive species on biological systems are currently explained by the sequential stages of reversible oxidative stress and irreversible oxidative damage. Oxidative stress is understood as an imbalance situation with increased oxidants or decreased antioxidants (30–31). The concept implies the recognition of the physiological production of oxidants and the existence of operative antioxidant defenses (30). If not regulated properly, oxidative stress can induce a variety of chronic and degenerative diseases as well as the aging process and some acute pathology (trauma, stroke). In humans, oxidative stress is thought to be involved in the pathogenesis of different dreadful ailments such as cancer, neurodegenerative, cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases, arthritis, nephropathy, inflammation, diabetes, aging, cataract, and so on.
Antioxidant Phytochemicals and Alzheimer’s Disease
Atanu Bhattacharjee, Akula Ramakrishna, Magisetty Obulesu in Phytomedicine and Alzheimer’s Disease, 2020
Increased production of ROS and/or reduced levels of endogenous antioxidant defense results in oxidative stress. Oxidative stress is responsible for damage to cells, including lipids and membranes, proteins, and DNA, and disruption of cell function and signaling. Oxidative stress has been described as a key mechanism underlying the pathophysiology of various diseases, such as cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular diseases, neurological disorders, diabetes, and aging, etc. (Sen and Chakraborty, 2011). Antioxidants are any materials that delay or inhibit oxidative stress damage. An antioxidant molecule reacts with free radicals and scavenges them by donating one of their electrons, and thus stopping the free radical-induced carbon-stealing reaction. Antioxidants avert damage to cells and tissues as they act as ROS scavengers. The human body is well equipped with an endogenous antioxidant system that plays a key role in maintaining redox homeostasis, whereas exogenous antioxidants, such as various phytomolecules, also achieve health-promoting effect by scavenging ROS (Sen and Chakraborty, 2011; Sen et al., 2010). Table 10.1 and Table 10.2 list details of various endogenous and exogenous antioxidants.
Effect of the organophosphate insecticide chlorpyrifos exposure on oxidative stress and quality of Salmo coruhensis spermatozoa
Published in Toxin Reviews, 2019
Filiz Kutluyer, Mehmet Kocabaş, Mine Erişir, Fulya Benzer
Sperm motility is the critical functional parameter in fish for fertilization success (Islam and Akhter 2011; Öğretmen et al. 2016). Especially, in Salmonids, sperm cells are immotile in seminal fluid and require to be released into the water in order to become metabolically active (Dzyuba et al. 2016, Öğretmen et al. 2016). As such Salmonid gametes come into direct contact with contaminants (Kutluyer et al. 2015) and negatively affected. Besides sperm quality, physiological traits are important for monitoring animal health (Janssens & Stoks, 2017). Oxidative stress is one of physiological traits and induced by anthropogenic and natural stressors, including pollutants (Benedetto et al., 2016). Oxidative stress-related biomarkers are used for forecasting and explaining interactions between pollutants and environmental factors (Benedetto et al. 2016; Janssens and Stoks 2017). Previous studies have shown that CPF affects reproductive functions and may cause sperm damage and immobility in different species (e.g. mice, porcine, fish) (Campagna et al. 2002, Betancourt et al. 2006, Bonilla et al. 2008, Lahnsteiner et al. 2011). Nevertheless, the impact of CPF on the endangered trout Salmo coruhensis male gametes has not yet been analyzed. For these reasons, the present study focused on short-term (2 h) in vitro exposure of sperm cells of S. coruhensis to CPF. The markers lipid peroxidation levels (MDA), nonenzymatic antioxidants (GSH) and enzymatic antioxidant activities (SOD, GSH-Px and CAT) were measured along with sperm motility.
Bacopa monniera extract mitigates isoproterenol-induced cardiac stress via Nrf2/Keap1/NQO1 mediated pathway
Published in Archives of Physiology and Biochemistry, 2022
T. Mohan Manu, T. Anand, G. R. Sharath Babu, Mahantesh M. Patil, Farhath Khanum
Oxidative stress can occur either due to the overproduction of reactive oxygen species or decrease in cellular antioxidant levels. Enzymatic antioxidants (such as SOD, catalase and GPx) and non-enzymatic antioxidants (such as glutathione) are present in all cells and play a crucial role in ameliorating the oxidative damage in the cells (Rodrigo et al.2013). In the present study, ISO has significantly depleted the levels of these antioxidants (Table 3). This perturbation within the system makes the cells more vulnerable to oxidant injury. One of the potential therapy is supplementation of exogenous natural antioxidants that improve endogenous antioxidant levels (Uttara et al.2009). In this study, BME pre-treatment for 21 days augmented basal endogenous antioxidants such as glutathione levels and activities of cellular antioxidant enzymes (i.e. SOD, catalase, and GPx and GR), favourably modulating the antioxidant Defence mechanisms of the myocardium in the BME75 + ISO and BME150 + ISO group rats. BME pre-treatment demonstrated a significant antioxidant property, which might contribute to its observed cardioprotective effects. This antioxidant effect of B. monniera is consistent with our previous in vitro and in vivo studies, which showed that BME pre-treatment restored antioxidant status in PC12, L132 cells and in Wistar rats (Pandareesh and Anand 2014b).
Oxidative stress tolerance and antioxidant capacity of lactic acid bacteria as probiotic: a systematic review
Published in Gut Microbes, 2020
In addition to their powerful redox systems, probiotics have strong antioxidant properties. When the body is in a state of oxidative stress, accumulated ROS will cause free-radical chain reactions through damaging biomolecules, resulting in harm to the organism. Oxidative stress is a major contributor to numerous disorders, such as cardiovascular, inflammatory, cerebrovascular, and degenerative diseases as well as aging and cancer.60,61 Young animals are readily exposed to oxidative damage because they lack a mature antioxidant system in their intestinal tract, leading to an imbalance in the oxidative and antioxidant systems as well as increased free radicals and malondialdehyde (MDA) and decreased antioxidant enzyme capacities.62,63 Multiple studies have demonstrated that probiotics, such as Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium, possess excellent antioxidant capacity to provide a certain degree of protection against oxidative stress.64-67
Related Knowledge Centers
- Cellular Respiration
- DNA
- DNA Damage
- Protein
- Reactive Oxygen Species
- Superoxide
- Lipid
- Redox
- Radical
- Hydroxy Group