Cardiac Subcellular Function During Diabetes
Grant N. Pierce, Robert E. Beamish, Naranjan S. Dhalla in Heart Dysfunction in Diabetes, 2019
Three components constitute a membrane: lipid, protein, and carbohydrate. All these components have received some attention as possible determinants of cardiomyopathy during diabetes mellitus. A change in the composition of the sarcolemmal membrane, or any membrane system, has two important ramifications. A change in the membrane microenvironment and its biophysical properties can influence (1) its permeability characteristics and (2) modulate enzymatic activities.79 Such changes will have immediate and dramatic effects on cardiac function, viability, and integrity. Protein changes are most obvious as alterations in enzyme activity. However, gross qualitative and quantitative changes in protein composition were analyzed by protein separation with SDS Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.80 No major changes in protein composition of sarcolemmal membrane were observed as a fraction of the diabetic state, although a significant increase in a protein of approximately 70,000 daltons was identified.80
Functional Benefits of Ficus Hispida L.
Hafiz Ansar Rasul Suleria, Megh R. Goyal in Health Benefits of Secondary Phytocompounds from Plant and Marine Sources, 2021
Oleanolic acid, hispidin, bergapten, and β-sitosterol are the phytoconstituents present in FH and these act as antioxidants/anti-lipid peroxidants. Their function is to protect membrane lipids from generating oxidative damage. It is done through cessation of peroxyl radical dependent reactions. SOD, CAT, GPx, and GST are the enzymes of antioxidant nature, which have vital function in the removal of reactive oxygen species. GSH, vitamin C, and vitamin E are intimately related non-enzymatic antioxidants and play an important role in defending the cell from damage due to oxidation. F. hispida extracts possess some bioactive antioxidant phytoconstituents, which afforded the antioxidant activity and lessened the utilization of endogenous antioxidants, which could be accountable for the decline of AZA activated oxidative stress probably through hepatic GSH reparative effect. Recently it has recognized that tylophorine counterpart as definite action compared to the available anticancer agents. Repressive action on NF-KB binding arbitrated transcription, guiding to apoptosis is one of its actions.
Lipids of Aspergillus
Rajendra Prasad, Mahmoud A. Ghannoum in Lipids of Pathogenic Fungi, 2017
The genus Aspergillus belongs to a large group of filamentous fungi, the Ascomycetes. Members of this genus are relatively common in air with distribution varying from 0.1 to 22% of total aerospore samples. Some species are capable of causing disease either by tissue invasion or colonization or by means of reactions involving the immune system. Since the spores of these organisms are airborne, mostly the lung and respiratory tract are affected. The study of membrane lipids of Aspergillus has drawn some attention during the past few decades since drugs directed against these lipids are often used to cure aspergillosis, a disease caused by an Aspergillus species. Moreover, there are increasing reports on the possible involvement of fungal lipids in virulence, allergenicity and pathogenesis of fungi. Aspergillus is also used as a tool in several industrial processes by growing them on media which are poorly utilized by other organisms. Dramatic changes in the amount and organization of lipids occur in the membrane of fungal cells during their developmental cycle. This article is an attempt to review different aspects of the lipids of Aspergillus. This will include the structure and function relationship of membrane lipids, their role in the growth cycle, as well as their variation under different conditions of growth and their involvement in the pathogenesis of the species.
Improving cellular uptake of therapeutic entities through interaction with components of cell membrane
Published in Drug Delivery, 2019
Renshuai Zhang, Xiaofei Qin, Fandong Kong, Pengwei Chen, Guojun Pan
Phospholipid bilayer is the basic scaffold of cell membrane, which consist of a hydrophobic and a hydrophilic portion (van Meer et al., 2008). The hydrophobic moieties propend to self-associate (entropically driven by water), and the hydrophilic moieties tend to interact with aqueous environments, thus spontaneously form phospholipid bilayer. Membrane lipids contain three major structural lipids, glycerophospholipids, sphingolipids, and cholesterol, respectively. Glycerophospholipids primarily consists of phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and phosphatidylserine (PS) (Figure 1(A)). Sphingomyelin (SM) is the major sphingolipid in mammalian cells. Cholesterol is the major non-polar lipids of cell membranes. Except for cholesterol, the hydrophobic portions are diacylglycerol and ceramide, which contains saturated or unsaturated fatty acyl chains of varying lengths. The three major hydrophobic portions are highly associated with the cell uptake of lipophilic small molecules by simple diffusion. Because soluble in lipid bilayer is a prerequisite for small molecules penetrate into cells by simple diffusion. The hydrophilic portion consists of phosphate and nucleophilic amine (in PS and PE)/quaternary amine (in PC and SM), the former can interact with guanidine to form a bidentate bond and the latter can be captured by 2-acetylphenylboronic acid to form an iminoboronate (Figure 1(B)). The cellular uptake of a large of cargoes (including small molecules, macromolecules, and drug carriers) may be enhanced by interacting with phospholipid bilayer described as above.
Modulating the lipid profile of blastocyst cell membrane with DPPC multilamellar vesicles
Published in Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology, 2022
Hugo De Rossi, Camila Bortoliero Costa, Luana Teixeira Rodrigues-Rossi, Giovana Barros Nunes, Dóris Spinosa Chéles, Isabella Maran Pereira, Daniele F. O. Rocha, Eloi Feitosa, Ana Valéria Colnaghi Simionato, Gisele Zoccal Mingoti, Pedro Henrique Benites Aoki, Marcelo Fábio Gouveia Nogueira
The plasma membrane may rupture and undergo severe changes in volume due to the entry and exit of cryoprotectants and intracellular water. Cell membranes that exhibit higher fluidity, permeability, and thermal phase properties suffer less damage during cryopreservation [4,5]. The main membrane lipids are glycerophospholipids (GPs), sphingolipids, and sterols (usually cholesterol in mammals). Phospholipids (PLs) may be present as different molecular species, such as phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylinositol (PI), sphingomyelin (SM), and phosphatidylserine (PS) [6–8]. Depending on the level of lipid saturation, the interaction between PLs and cholesterol molecules in the cell membrane can affect bilayer organisation and biophysical [7] and physicochemical [9–11] properties, including phase fluidity and permeability.
Fisetin, a potential caloric restriction mimetic, modulates ionic homeostasis in senescence induced and naturally aged rats
Published in Archives of Physiology and Biochemistry, 2022
Sandeep Singh, Geetika Garg, Abhishek Kumar Singh, Shambhoo Sharan Tripathi, Syed Ibrahim Rizvi
Membrane lipid is an important factor to maintain membrane fluidity, integrity, permeability and activity of membrane-bound transporters. An alteration in the lipid level disturbs the equilibrium of erythrocytes membrane and this affects the maintenance of asymmetric ionic concentration between intra- and extracellular matrix (Owen et al.1981, Suda et al.2002). Lipid peroxidation during aging is attributed to structural and functional deformability of the membrane (Rajasekaran et al.2004). Age-dependent increase in lipid hydroperoxides has previously been reported and substantiates our results (Singh et al.2016, Garg et al.2018). Antioxidants have potential protective role against age-dependent increase in membrane lipid hydroperoxides. Our results showed a significant decrease in the level of D-gal induced lipid hydroperoxides after the supplementation of fisetin. This decrease in lipid hydroperoxides level might be due to anti-lipid peroxidative nature of fisetin.
Related Knowledge Centers
- Amphiphile
- Cell Growth
- Glycolipid
- Lipid Bilayer
- Membrane Protein
- Phospholipid
- Cell Membrane
- Lipid
- Cholesterol
- Annular Lipid Shell