Greece: The Greek Ombudsman and the protection of patients’ rights
Stephen Mackenney, Lars Fallberg in Protecting Patients’ Rights?, 2018
As is stipulated in Article 1, para 1 of Act 3094/2003, the institution was established ‘with the aim of protecting the rights of citizens, combating maladministration, and ensuring observance of the law’. In this way the Ombudsman is in the service of the public interest without being linked to either the public administration or the citizen who submits a complaint. The mediating and the supervisory objectives of the Ombudsman are predicated on two basic elements: independence and credibility. A mediator is an individual who, for both parties, remains a ‘third’ person, without supporting the position of the one or the other. Also, true protection of the rights of citizens must come from decisions and opinions developed only after a careful, systematic investigation of the facts of a case. In avoiding, in principle, any untoward or hasty condemnation of the public administration, the Ombudsman is given greater strength to carry out his/her investigative work.14
Trauma Physiology and Metabolism
Ian Greaves, Keith Porter, Jeff Garner in Trauma Care Manual, 2021
The mediators have a multitude of effects including: Profound systemic vasodilatationPlasma extravasation through leaky capillaries, leading to hypovolaemia and oedema formationDepression of myocardial function in some casesImpaired tissue autoregulationImpaired cellular capacity to metabolize oxygen despite adequate oxygen delivery In patients with pre-existing ischaemic heart disease, or poor cardiovascular reserve, and in all patients with advanced sepsis, the situation is further aggravated by the negative inotropic effects exerted by toxins on the myocardium. The relatively high cardiac output, typical of septic shock, becomes compromised and a vicious cycle develops, accelerating the patient’s demise.
Treatment and therapy
Rosa Angela Fabio, Tindara Caprì, Gabriella Martino in Understanding Rett Syndrome, 2019
This active way of experiencing the world is the result of a form of interaction, the so-called “experience of mediated learning”. Mediation means that a change can be caused by another human person (H) that puts him/herself with an active behavior and with precise intentions between the other person (O) and a stimulus (S); therefore, he/she has the role of a mediator. Thanks to an experience of mediated learning, the organism (O) that is directly exposed to the stimuli (S) receives them and answers them with adequate competences only after their features have been selected, framed, and modified by an adult human mediator (H). All the individual learning is organized by the adult mediator who determines the relations among stimuli. In other words, in educational and rehabilitative relationships, the educator should select some stimuli, set them into a time sequence (before and after) and according to purpose, put them into a causal and spatial system, attach a special meaning to certain stimuli, propose them many times, cancel other ones, highlight associations among some stimuli, and avoid other ones.
“Picturephone in My Home”: Actor-Network Theory and Foucauldian Discourse Analysis on Northern Finnish Older Adults Starting to Use a Video Conferencing Service
Published in Journal of Technology in Human Services, 2020
Actants or actors, intermediators and mediators, translations, and networks are central concepts of ANT. Networks are understood as dynamic entities and processes, and in these processes, involving a combination of heterogeneous elements, actors, and actions are created (Leskinen, 1994). ANT considers action and interaction to be mediated by intermediators (Latour, 1999a), which can be texts (books, patents, forms, etc.), artifacts (instruments, machines, objects, money, etc.), or people with their knowledge and abilities. A mediator is a text, an artifact, a human entity, or a hybrid of texts, materials, bodies, and money that defines the roles of human and non-human entities, for instance (Leskinen, 1994, pp. 23–24). Latour (2005, p. 39) describes mediators as having the ability to “transform, translate, distort, and modify the meaning or the elements they are supposed to carry.” One objective of an ANT analysis can be to identify the mediators and the results of their workings. In the present study, this means analyzing who or what has the power to act as a mediator in the use and nonuse of the picturephone and to make possible meaning-altering transformations.
Moderators, mediators and nonspecific predictors of outcome after cognitive rehabilitation of executive functions in a randomised controlled trial
Published in Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 2019
Sveinung Tornås, Jan Stubberud, Anne-Kristin Solbakk, Jonathan Evans, Anne-Kristine Schanke, Marianne Løvstad
To the authors’ knowledge, only one study (Bertens, Fasotti, Boelen, & Kessels, 2016) has explored predictors of outcome after GMT. To distinguish between the predictors, e.g., moderators, mediators and nonspecific predictors, Bertens et al. (2016) applied the guidelines outlined by Kraemer, Wilson, Fairburn, and Agras (2002). In line with this, a baseline patient characteristic that interacts with treatment(s) and affects outcome is defined as a moderator, e.g., did age at onset of intervention moderate (predict) outcome? A mediator, on the other hand, is a post-treatment variable that correlates with treatment(s) and influences outcome. For example, given that attention training was addressed by the intervention, did improved attention scores post-training mediate (predict) outcome? A nonspecific predictor is a variable that neither interacts nor correlates with treatment at baseline or post-treatment, but predicts outcome.
Patient-family communication mediates the relation between family hardiness and caregiver positivity: Exploring the moderating role of caregiver depression and anxiety
Published in Journal of Psychosocial Oncology, 2019
Joo Yeon Shin, Michael F. Steger, Dong Wook Shin, So Young Kim, Hyung-Kook Yang, Juhee Cho, Ansuk Jeong, Keeho Park, Sun Seog Kweon, Jong-Hyock Park
Our next question concerns whether cancer-specific patient-family communication (p-f communication) mediates the relation between family hardiness and caregiver positivity. A mediator is defined as a potential intervening variable that explains why an association between a predictor and an outcome exists and identifying mediators is important in order to design and implement an evidence-based intervention.23 Family hardiness represents a family’s general capacity for enduring or sustaining hardship that could improve caregiver experiences, but is also theoretically considered a relatively static or trait-like attribute of a family that may not be subject to a prompt change, which may not be the ideal target of interventions. The concept of family hardiness was adapted from the concept of individual hardiness,20 which has been defined as a relatively stable personality attribute that protects individuals in the encounter with stressful life events. Compared to family hardiness, the p-f communication can be considered more specific in its scope and relatively more modifiable to intervention efforts.
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