A Treatise on the Role of Herpesvirus in Neurodegeneration
Abhai Kumar, Debasis Bagchi in Antioxidants and Functional Foods for Neurodegenerative Disorders, 2021
To replicate, the herpesvirus requires the amino acid L-arginine, another amino acid common in foods and necessary to human life. L-Lysine (Lysine) is also thought to interfere with the absorption of arginine in the intestine and inhibit viral severity. Moreover, the antiviral cell danger response is strongly regulated by the post-translational state of lysine molecules on histones and immune effector proteins like the double-strand RNA binding protein, known as RIG1 (retinoic acid inducible gene 1), and the mitochondrial antiviral sensor. Lysine ubiquitination is a necessary prestep for the oligomerization of RIG1, required for efficient binding to the mitochondrial antiviral sensor and interferon induction [71]. The efficacy of L-lysine as an antiherpetic agent is controversial. However, the majority of research results (in vitro and in vivo) across a range of population sizes over various time frames confirm dose-dependent inhibitory effects of L-lysine (with and without arginine low diets) against the incidence, recurrence, duration, and/or severity of HSV infection. Dosages range from 500 mg OID to 1000 mg TID [72–78]. A paucity of research reports a failure of L-lysine to exert antiherpetic effects [79]. Dosage levels in this research were low, population size was small, and duration of the study period was short. When dosage levels are more robust, population sizes and duration of the study period are shown to be less influential. The conclusion is that in a dose-dependent manner, L-lysine does provide beneficial antiherpetic effects. The potential therapeutic benefits of L-lysine should be synergistically amplified when it is combined with other products and therapeutic strategies.
Orthomolecular Parenteral Nutrition Therapy
Aruna Bakhru in Nutrition and Integrative Medicine, 2018
Lysine is the most strongly conserved of the essential amino acids. Lysine is converted to acetyl CoA, a critical component in carbohydrate metabolism and the production of energy. Lysine is also the precursor of the amino acid carnitine, which aids in transporting long-chain fatty acids into the mitochondria for energy production and other metabolic functions. Once lysine is bound to a polypeptide structure, biosynthesis of carnitine is initiated by methylation of one of lysine's amine groups (Broquist 1982). Clinical indications are herpes, osteoporosis, and angina pectoris, where research is published (AMR 2007).
Depression, Anxiety, Stress, and Spirituality in Cardiovascular Disease
Stephen T. Sinatra, Mark C. Houston in Nutritional and Integrative Strategies in Cardiovascular Medicine, 2022
L-Lysine and L-arginine are additional amino acids that serve to impact stress and anxiety. L-Lysine has been shown to act as a partial serotonin receptor 4 antagonist, and a partial benzodiazepine agonist.132 While there is not much research available for the use of L-lysine as a monotherapy, when L-lysine is used in combination with L-arginine, they reduce subjective trait and stress-induced state anxiety, as well as levels of stress hormones such as cortisol.132,119
A polymer–lipid membrane artificial cell nanocarrier containing enzyme–oxygen biotherapeutic inhibits the growth of B16F10 melanoma in 3D culture and in a mouse model
Published in Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology, 2021
Yun Wang, Thomas Ming Swi Chang
This has been described in our earlier publication [16,17]. Briefly, stroma-free haemoglobin (SFHb) with a concentration of 7 g/dL Hb with or without tyrosinase was dissolved in a 0.1 mol/l sodium phosphate buffer (pH = 7.4). Lysine was added at a molar ratio of 7:1 lysine/haemoglobin. Glutaraldehyde as crosslinker was added at a molar ratio of 16:1 glutaraldehyde/haemoglobin. The process of crosslink continued for 24 h. After that, lysine was added again to stop the crosslink reaction at a molar ratio of 200:1 lysine/haemoglobin. The sample was dialyzed overnight with a dialysis membrane (molecular weight cut off = 12–14 kDa) and then passed through sterile 0.45 μm syringe filters to remove impurities. All operations were conducted at 4 °C and under nitrogen in order to prevent the formation of methaemoglobin and the degradation of enzyme.
Effect of Oyster Meat Preload on Postmeal Glycemic Control in Healthy Young Adults
Published in Journal of the American College of Nutrition, 2020
Shuting Lin, Gengxin Hao, Dong Lai, Yan Tian, Min Long, Fei Lai, Yongmei Xiong, Changfu Ji, Yuan Zang
In addition to proteins, amino acids have also received great attention. Numerous amino acids are closely related with insulin secretion (26). OM is also rich in amino acids with glutamic acid content as the highest, followed by aspartic acid and glycine. Although the role of glutamate in insulin secretion is still controversial, glutamate is an important precursor for the synthesis of several amino acids, such as glutamine, arginine, and lysine, which regulate blood glucose (27). Greenfield et al. (28) reported that glutamine can stimulate the secretion of GLP-1 in healthy and diabetic patients. Arginine supplementation can improve vascular insulin sensitivity (5). Lysine exhibits a modest lowering effect on blood glucose and insulin responses (29). Glycine can promote the utilization of blood glucose in tissues and reduces blood glucose (30). Some plants with hypoglycemic activity exhibit similar amino acid composition (31). Amino acids can regulate islet function and improve insulin resistance through mTOR-S6k1 signaling pathway. Further experiments are needed to verify the mechanism (32, 33).
Pharmacological treatment strategies for subependymal giant cell astrocytoma (SEGA)
Published in Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy, 2020
Daniel Ebrahimi-Fakhari, David Neal Franz
Mouth sores or aphthous ulcers are the most frequently encountered side effects, occurring in 70–80% of patients. Anticipatory guidance plays a large role in managing mouth sores. The patient should be advised to maintain good oral hygiene while on mTOR inhibitors. A variety of interventions can decrease the incidence of mouth sores, such as lysine supplementation, taking the medication with food, e.g. in pudding or other soft food. Dexamethasone 0.1 mg/mL oral rinse can be used daily as a prophylactic agent, and 3–4 times daily if at these ulcers occur. At these ulcers occurring in the anterior aspect of the mouth or about the lips can be managed with triamcinolone in oral paste. Other mouth rinses such as sucralfate or mixtures of equal amounts of diphenhydramine, liquid antacid, and viscous lidocaine can be useful. mTOR inhibitors can impair wound healing so we recommend them being held for 1 week prior to any elective surgery until any surgical wound is well healed. In the event of unexpected surgery, they are again held until wounds are clinically well healed. Minor procedures such as restorative dental work or suture of lacerations typically do not require interruption of therapy. Because of their immunosuppressant effects we recommend that mTOR inhibitors be held during times a significant illness such as with temperature elevations greater than 38.3 Celsius (101 Fahrenheit), clinical pneumonia, or gastroenteritis with dehydration. Nonspecific upper respiratory symptoms in the absence of significant fever do not necessarily require therapy interruption.
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