Green Synthesis of Nanoparticles in Oligonucleotide Drug Delivery System
Yashwant Pathak in Gene Delivery, 2022
Cell-free culture supernatants of five psychrophilic bacteria (Phaeocystis antarctica, Pseudomonas proteolytica, Pseudomonas meridiana, Arthrobacter kerguelensis, and Arthrobacter gangotriensis) and two mesophilic bacteria (Bacillus indicus and Bacillus cecembensis) can synthesis silver nanoparticles. This process is dependent upon pH, type of bacteria, and temperature. It is observed that two different type of bacteria cannot produce silver nanoparticles at same temperature (Shivaji et al., 2011). Lactobacillus casei subsp. casei can produce silver nanoparticles at room temperature. this nanoparticles are spherical and within size limit of 25~50nm. Here nanoparticles are formed at the cytoplasmic cell membrane, in cytoplasm, and extracellular space of the strain, ; this process gives evidence that the enzymes responsible for bioenzymatic reactions are present at the cytosol and cytoplasmic cell membrane (Garmasheva et al. 2016).
Impact of Nutrition and Dietary Supplementation on Psoriasis Pathology
Siba P. Raychaudhuri, Smriti K. Raychaudhuri, Debasis Bagchi in Psoriasis and Psoriatic Arthritis, 2017
Probiotic nutritional supplements may also play a potential role in disease progression by impacting immune function. Bifidus infantis decreases pro-inflammatory cytokines that have an impact on the development of immune-mediated diseases, such as psoriasis. It exerts immunoregulatory effects similar to commensal immune interactions, such as induction of regulatory T (Treg) cells in animal models with activity in both the gut and extraintestinal sites. It also reduced the levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and possibly IL-6 in psoriasis patients (Groeger et al., 2013). Lactobacillus casei produces lactopectin that selectively degrades pro-inflammatory chemokines, reducing the immune cell infiltration and inflammation. It can also be related to impacting other microbes or modulating host functions, such as induction of IL-10-producing CD4+ T cells. Lactopectin has been shown to reduce TNF-induced secretion of IFN-γ and upregulation of IL-10 (Hörmannsperger et al., 2013).
Probiotics, Vitamin D, and Vitamin D Receptor in Health and Disease
Marcela Albuquerque Cavalcanti de Albuquerque, Alejandra de Moreno de LeBlanc, Jean Guy LeBlanc, Raquel Bedani in Lactic Acid Bacteria, 2020
In a recent study, Lactobacillus casei rhamnosus (Lcr35®) was effective in increasing the populations of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium in the feces of hospitalized children with acute diarrhea. Besides, the probiotic treatment ameliorated the abdominal discomforts and diarrhea, improving the patients’ appetite and food intake (Lai et al. 2019). Similarly, Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis (txid302911) was able to shape the gut microbiota of low birth weight infants to a more diverse and complex profile. The strain increased the counts of the Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus genera in their faeces, whereas the control group presented a predominant presence of opportunistic pathogens associated with the risk of necrotizing enterocolitis (Chi et al. 2019).
Challenges in the management of HIV infection: update on the role of probiotic supplementation as a possible complementary therapeutic strategy for cART treated people living with HIV/AIDS
Published in Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy, 2019
Giancarlo Ceccarelli, Maura Statzu, Letizia Santinelli, Claudia Pinacchio, Camilla Bitossi, Eugenio Nelson Cavallari, Vincenzo Vullo, Carolina Scagnolari, GabrieIla d’Ettorre
The potential effects of probiotics on microbial translocation and systemic immune activation markers were evaluated in PROBIO-HIV study (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02164344) conducted in HIV positive patients supplemented with a multi-strain probiotic mixture containing S. salivarius subsp. thermophilus, E. faecium, Bifidobacteria and Lactobacilli for 48 weeks [126]. The results of this clinical trial showed that although cART did not normalize the levels of immune activation in HIV-positive patients, after probiotic dietary supplementation both systemic inflammatory and microbial translocation markers were significantly reduced. Moreover, the results of this trial are in agreement with other studies that have shown a decrease in pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6, IL-12, TGF-beta, hsCRP and a reduction in microbial translocation markers (LPS-binding protein and bacterial DNA (16S rDNA) levels in plasma) after using a mix of Lactobacillus rhamnosus plus Bifidobacteria lactis [127], Saccharomyces boulardi [128], Lactobacillus casei sp. Shirota (Yakult Light®) [123].
Antioxidant and Immunomodulatory Properties of Partially purified Exopolysaccharide from Lactobacillus Casei Isolated from Chinese Northeast Sauerkraut
Published in Immunological Investigations, 2022
Xiaoqing Xu, Yu Qiao, Qing Peng, Bo Shi, Vermont P. Dia
Lactobacillus casei is a LAB capable of secreting polysaccharides extracellular and commonly used in the food industry. L. casei LC2W was found to produce EPS in the culture (Ai et al. 2008) and the production of this EPS could be improved through cofactor engineering by overexpression of NADH oxidase gene (Li et al. 2015). In recent years, other L. casei like L. casei GIM1.204 (Yu et al. 2018) and L. casei ATCC 393 (Ren et al. 2020) also demonstrated EPS-producing properties. In our previous study, an EPS-producing LAB (L.casei NA-2) with antibacterial properties from northeast Chinese sauerkraut (Suan Cai) was isolated; the EPS is a heteropolysaccharide comprised of rhamnose, mannose, and glucose residues (the molar ratio is 24.3:1.0:42.9) and possessed antibiofilm activity; FT-IR spectroscopic analysis revealed the EPS had the specific bands corresponding to carbonylated and hydroxylated polysaccharides (Xu et al. 2020). However, the antioxidant and immunomodulatory activities of the EPS from L. casei NA-2 have not been investigated. In the present study, we evaluated the antioxidant and immunomodulatory activities of the EPS from L. casei NA-2 in vitro. Further characterization of the EPS is also reported. This work could demonstrate a novel EPS with an antioxidant and immunomodulatory activity that can be developed as active compounds in functional foods or medicines.
A successful history: probiotics and their potential as antimicrobials
Published in Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy, 2019
Luigi Santacroce, Ioannis Alexandros Charitos, Lucrezia Bottalico
A very important probiotic, Lactobacillus casei, is understood to significantly enhance the immune system including interleukin and γ-interferon, as well as stimulate the production of immunoglobulin A (IgA) [64]. It is supposed that the immune reaction occurs because colonies are created in the small intestine in a nearby area of the Peyer’s patches, and these are very active with antimicrobial activity and enhancement of the immune system, inducing phagocytosis and secretion of IgA through the modification of T-cell responses [58,67–71]. Finally, in women with bacterial vaginosis, most likely due to the enhancement of normal vaginal microflora in lactobacilli, they reduce the levels of carcinogenic compounds produced by the colon through the normalization of intestinal permeability [72–75].
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